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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a commonly used Allium crop worldwide. It might be expected that garlic would show some intraspecific variations because of its vegetative reproduction. This study shed light on such variations joined with the existence of the transposable element Ac in garlic. The examined cells exhibited different types of chromosomal aberration were recorded as percentages of the total abnormal cells. Microscopic examination of root tip cells of the (Egaseed 2) clone showed a variety of chromosomal aberrations represented as: gap, chromatid deletion, chromatid break, end-to-end association and centromeric attenuation. DNA was isolated from ten individual cloves of Egaseed 2 clone. Using Ac primer, a monomorphic fragment of 100 bp was detected in 10 cloves of the Egyptian clone (Egaseed 2) of garlic. One of the same cloves, no. 7, has an additional fragment of 300 bp. The relationship between Ac element existence and chromosomal changes occurrence was discussed.

ABSTRACT. PCR-amplified DNA using the random primer OPB-06 was used as a probe for Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Signals of hybridized sites were observed in both interphase and metaphase plates after hybridization. The FISH signals of the metaphase chromosomes were confirmed as two yellow-color signals hybridized with the probe on two adjacent loci at interphase of the control plates. FISH analysis of the metaphase plates of 25µg/ml deoxynivlenol (DON) and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) treated plants revealed 85.7% and 89.3%, respectively had no signals. Of the metaphase plates of plants treated with AFB 1 , 3.6% had one terminal signal while 7.1% revealed two signals and no signals were observed in 89.3% plates. Regarding the interphase nuclei, only one signal was observed in 42.1% of the plates where two signals were observed in 57.8% interphase plates. 10.7% metaphase plates of plants treated with DON had one terminal signal while 3.6% exhibit two signals and no signals were observed in 85.7% plates of metaphase. 44.1% of the interphase nuclei had one signal while 53.2% plates reveal two signals and four signals were observed in 2.7% interphase nuclei. Disappearance of FISH signals in some metaphase plates of plants treated with the two investigated toxins indicates the toxigenic effect of these mycotoxins on metaphase chromosomes of wheat.