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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a commonly used Allium crop worldwide. It might be expected that garlic would show some intraspecific variations because of its vegetative reproduction. The main goal of this study was to examine the chromosomal aberrations and the relationship between secondary constrictions and nucleolus organizing regions in six garlic clones. Moreover, the biochemical assessments of total protien, esterase and glutamate gxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were also carried out. Different types of chromosomal aberrations such as (i.e.) chromosome gap, chromatid break, centromeric attenuation and end-to-end association were scored. Data showed that the highest percentage of chromosome gap (15%) was observed in EGA 2 clone. The other structural aberrations were found in different percentages. According to the presence, number and position of the secondary constrictions (SC) and satellites (SAT), four different categories for six garlic clones studied could be identified. Nucleoli number at both interphase and prophase showed consederable differences among the six clones. For instance, percentage of nucleoli at interphase varied from 94% to 97% (one nuclelus) in Sids 40 and EGA4, respectively. No cells was detected at the prophase containing four nucleoli. A strong relationship was observed between existence of the structural chromosomal aberrations and numbers and position of some cytological markers such as satellites, secondary constrictions and nucleoli. No differences were founed among all studied cloves of the six garlic clones by using total protien, esterase and GOT. In the present work, the relationship between the assessed biochemical markers and the scored chromosomal aberrations couldn't be proved.

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The present work aimed at study genetic diversity and the sources of molecular variation between the individual cloves of two garlic clones with different molecular markers, RAPD and SSR. Three bulbs of two garlic clones (Egaseed1 and Balady) were germinated (three individual cloves of each bulb). The total genomic DNA was extracted from the young leaves. Ten RAPD and fifteen SSR primers were used and the data were statistically analyzed. Fifty-seven bands (including 4 unique and 53 polymorphic) were totally generated and there were no monomorphic bands from ten RAPD primers. Two unique bands were detected with KO3 and KO6 primers (433 and 417 bp, respectively), likewise, two unique bands of 124 and 188 bp were detected with K10 RAPD primer in Egaseed1 clone. Thirteen SSR primers produced 45 DNA fragments. Out of them, 12 were monomorphic and the remaining were polymorphic. Different molecular markers could be used to evaluate genetic diversity and confirm the molecular differences between the cloves derived from the same bulb and the differentiated nature of garlic. In addition, it defines the importance of using molecular markers to evaluate different garlic clones.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a commonly used Allium crop worldwide. It might be expected that garlic would show some intraspecific variations because of its vegetative reproduction. This study shed light on such variations joined with the existence of the transposable element Ac in garlic. The examined cells exhibited different types of chromosomal aberration were recorded as percentages of the total abnormal cells. Microscopic examination of root tip cells of the (Egaseed 2) clone showed a variety of chromosomal aberrations represented as: gap, chromatid deletion, chromatid break, end-to-end association and centromeric attenuation. DNA was isolated from ten individual cloves of Egaseed 2 clone. Using Ac primer, a monomorphic fragment of 100 bp was detected in 10 cloves of the Egyptian clone (Egaseed 2) of garlic. One of the same cloves, no. 7, has an additional fragment of 300 bp. The relationship between Ac element existence and chromosomal changes occurrence was discussed.