Chromosomal deletions in Streptomyces griseus that remove the afsA locus

Lezhava, Alexander; Kameoka, Daisuke; Sugino, Hiroyuki; Goshi, Kohei; Shinkawa, Hidenori; Nimi, Osamu; Horinouchi, Sueharu; Beppu, Teruhiko; Kinashi, Haruyasu

doi:10.1007/s004380050346

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To measure the sizes of deletions, the ordered terminal cosmids of the 2247 chromosome 16) were hybridized to the BamHI digest of total DNAs of the two mutants. As shown in Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromosomal Circularization inStreptomyces griseusby Nonhomologous Recombination of Deletion Ends

Inoue

Higashiyama

Uchida

et al. 2003

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…To measure the sizes of deletions, the ordered terminal cosmids of the 2247 chromosome 16) were hybridized to the BamHI digest of total DNAs of the two mutants. As shown in Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16) E. coli XL1-Blue and pUC19 were used for cloning and sequencing of DNA fragments. Glucose-meat extract-peptone (GMP) medium contains 1.0z glucose, 0.4z peptone, 0.2z meat extract, 0.2z yeast extract, 0.5z NaCl, and 0.025z MgSO4 7H2O (pH 7.0).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal Circularization inStreptomyces griseusby Nonhomologous Recombination of Deletion Ends

Inoue

Higashiyama

Uchida

et al. 2003

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…20) It is known that the chromosomes of most Streptomyces species are linear and both terminal regions contain long inverted repeats (terminal inverted repeats; TIRs) ranging from a few kb to 1 Mb in length. The ends of Streptomyces chromosomes undergo large deletion, insertion, inversion, as well as exchange events at high frequencies due not only to homologous recombination between the TIRs but also to transposable elements located at the termini or some other mechanisms.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20) Perhaps, the definitive genetic determinant that switches the cellular stage from vegetative growth to differentiation is in a dynamic balance of rapid loss and acquisition in population under the selective pressure in the environment. This may be beneficial to modulate the ability of the whole population to respond to environmental conditions in such a manner that a decrease in the differentiation ability in population results in an increase in the growing capacity, thus facilitating competition with other species in a nutritionally rich environment.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal control by A-factor of morphological development and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces

Horinouchi

Beppu

2007

Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B

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Streptomyces griseus, a well-known industrial producer of streptomycin, is a member of the genus Streptomyces, which shows a complex life cycle resembling that of fungi. Afactor, a C 13 -butyrolactone compound, was discovered as a self-regulatory factor or a bacterial hormone to induce morphological differentiation and production of secondary metabolites, including streptomycin, in this organism. Accumulating evidence has revealed an A-factortriggered signal cascade, which is composed of several key steps or components. These include: (i) AfsA catalyzing a crucial step of A-factor biosynthesis, (ii) the A-factor-specific receptor (ArpA), which acts as a transcriptional repressor for adpA, (iii) adpA, a sole target of ArpA, which encodes a global transcriptional activator AdpA, and (iv) a variety of members of the AdpA regulon, a set of the genes regulated by AdpA. A-factor is biosynthesized via five reaction steps, in which AfsA catalyzes acyl transfer between a -ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein and the hydroxyl group of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The receptor ArpA, belonging to the TetR family, is a homodimer, each subunit of which contains a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif and an Afactor-binding pocket. The three-dimensional structure and conformational change upon binding A-factor are elucidated, on the basis of X-ray crystallography of CprB, an ArpA homologue. AdpA, belonging to the AraC/XylS transcriptional activator family, binds operators upstream from the promoters of a variety of the target genes and activates their transcription, thus forming the AdpA regulon. Members of the AdpA regulon includes the pathway-specific transcriptional activator gene strR that activates the whole streptomycin biosynthesis gene cluster, in addition to a number of genes that direct the multiple cellular functions required for cellular differentiation in a concerted manner. A variety of A-factor homologues as well as homologues of afsA/arpA are distributed widely among Streptomyces, indicating the significant role of this type of molecular signaling in the ecosystem and evolutional processes.

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“…In addition, many regulatory genes were identified on pSLA2-L, including all the homologues in the A-factor regulatory cascade in Streptomyces griseus (Horinouchi, 2002;Ohnishi et al, 1999). Namely, orf85, orf116 and orf3 are similar to afsA (Horinouchi et al, 1984;Lezhava et al, 1997), adpA (Ohnishi et al, 2005) and strR (Beyer et al, 1996), respectively. Six tetR family receptor genes (Ramos et al, 2005) were also found on pSLA2-L, three of which have considerable similarity to the c-butyrolactone receptor gene, arpA, in S. griseus (Onaka et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ-Butyrolactone autoregulator-receptor system involved in lankacidin and lankamycin production and morphological differentiation in Streptomyces rochei

et al. 2007

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An afsA homologue (srrX) and three c-butyrolactone receptor gene homologues (srrA, srrB and srrC) are coded on the giant linear plasmid pSLA2-L in Streptomyces rochei 7434AN4, a producer of two polyketide antibiotics, lankacidin and lankamycin. Construction of gene disruptants and their phenotypic study revealed that srrX and srrA make a c-butyrolactone receptor system in this strain. Addition of a c-butyrolactone fraction to an srrX-deficient mutant restored the production of lankacidin and lankamycin, indicating that the SrrX protein is not necessary for this event. In addition to a positive effect on antibiotic production, srrX showed a negative effect on morphological differentiation. The receptor gene srrA reversed both effects of srrX, while the second receptor gene homologue srrC had only a positive function in spore formation. Furthermore, disruption of the third homologue srrB greatly increased the production of lankacidin and lankamycin. Electron microscopic analysis showed that aerial mycelium formation stopped at a different stage in the srrA and srrC mutants. Overall, these results indicated that srrX, srrA, srrB and srrC constitute a complex regulatory system for antibiotic production and morphological differentiation in S. rochei. INTRODUCTIONThe filamentous Gram-positive soil bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are characterized by three distinct properties: linear chromosome, complex morphological differentiation and ability to produce varieties of secondary metabolites including antibiotics. Antibiotic biosynthetic genes in Streptomyces species usually form a condensed gene cluster on the chromosome. However, several giant linear plasmids encoding an antibiotic gene cluster(s) have been isolated: SCP1 in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) carries the biosynthetic gene cluster for methylenomycin (Bentley et al., 2004;Chater & Bruton, 1985;Kinashi et al., 1987;Redenbach et al., 1998), pPZG103 in Streptomyces rimosus has that for oxytetracycline (Gravius et al., 1994; Pandza et al., 1998) and pSLA2-L in Streptomyces rochei has those for lankacidin and lankamycin (Arakawa et al., 2005(Arakawa et al., , 2006Mochizuki et al., 2003;Suwa et al., 2000).S. rochei strain 7434AN4 contains three large linear plasmids (pSLA2-L, -M and -S) (Kinashi et al., 1994) and produces two structurally unrelated polyketide antibiotics, the 17-membered macrocyclic lankacidin and the 14-membered macrolide lankamycin (Fig. 1a). We have been studying the function of the largest linear plasmid pSLA2-L in antibiotic production, and finally determined its 210 614 bp nucleotide sequence (Mochizuki et al., 2003). It was revealed that pSLA2-L contains an unusually condensed gene organization for secondary metabolism (Fig. 1b); two type I PKS gene clusters for lankacidin (lkc, orf4-orf18) and lankamycin (lkm, orf24-orf53), a cryptic type II PKS gene cluster (roc, orf62-orf70) and a carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster (crt, orf104-orf110). In addition, many regulatory genes were identified on pSLA2-L, including all the homologues in t...

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Chromosomal deletions in Streptomyces griseus that remove the afsA locus

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Chromosomal Circularization inStreptomyces griseusby Nonhomologous Recombination of Deletion Ends

Chromosomal Circularization inStreptomyces griseusby Nonhomologous Recombination of Deletion Ends

Hormonal control by A-factor of morphological development and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces

γ-Butyrolactone autoregulator-receptor system involved in lankacidin and lankamycin production and morphological differentiation in Streptomyces rochei

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