Chromosome cohesion and the spindle checkpoint

Abstract

Accurate chromosome segregation constitutes the basis of inheritance. Mistakes in chromosome segregation during mitosis lead to aneuploidy, a common feature of tumors. The accuracy of chromosome segregation is governed by a complex network of processes which ensure that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes. Herein we review recent developments in the understanding of chromosome segregation, focusing on the cohesion that holds the sister chromatids together and the spindle checkpoint which regulates anaphase onset.

The role of mutations in the cohesin complex in acute myeloid leukemia

“…The cohesin complex functions to hold chromatin strands within a ring-like structure composed of the four core components (16). Although its canonical and best-established role is to maintain the polarity of sister chromatids during mitosis, cohesin is also involved in double-stranded DNA damage repair and regulation of transcription (17).…”

Constitutional and Acquired Autosomal Aneuploidy

“…Nonetheless, several genes have been implicated to play a contributory/causal role and include (but are not limited to) genes involved in: (1) centrosomal structure/duplication [ 155-157 ]; (2) DNA repair [ 158-160 ]; (3) mitotic checkpoint maintenance [ 161,162 ]; (4) chromatid cohesion [ 163 ]; (5) chromatin organization [ 164 ]; and (6) the formation/function of the spindle and other components of the mitotic machinery [ 165,166 ] (Figure 5). Perturbations in genes involved in histone methylation or small interfering RNAs have also been noted to lead to disturbances in chromosomal malsegregation or kinetochore protein organization, respectively [ 167,168 ].…”

Unexpected role of nucleoporins in coordination of cell cycle progression

“…Lately, several studies also indicated/confirmed the role of cohesin (other subunits) in spindle poles/centrosomes independently. [46][47][48][49][50] It would be useful if spindle pole assembly. Undoubtedly, more future work will be required to validate and refine this model (Fig.…”