CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND KARYOTYPES IN ASTERACEAE¹

Abstract

Chromosome numbers were determined from microsporocytes (meiotic counts) and root-tip cells (mitotic counts) in 201 collections of 51 genera and 119 specific and infraspecific taxa belonging to nine tribes of Asteraceae and Acicarpha spathulata R. Br. of Calyceraceae from Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and the United States. These include the first reports and new numbers for the basal members of the Barnadesieae and Mutisieae. First reports are provided for 45 taxa, including five genera, Dasyphyllum HBK (2n 5 54), Dithyrostegia A. Gray (2n 5 14), Epitriche Turcz. (2n 5 10), Revealia R. M. King & H. Rob. (2n 5 22), and Stifftia J. C. Mikan (2n 5 54). In addition, new chromosome numbers are established at the generic level in the genera Barnadesia Mutis (2n 5 54), Eremanthus Less. (2n 5 34, 30), Macvaughiella R. M. King & H. Rob. (2n 5 24), and Trichocline Cass. (2n 5 38), and in 12 additional species. Remaining counts augment and agree with previously reported determinations. The base chromosome numbers of Calyceraceae and Asteraceae are discussed in published records and our original counts.

The Evolution of Haploid Chromosome Numbers in the Sunflower Family

“…= Arctotidinae subtribe; Gort. = Gorteriinae subtribe. a Solbrig (1977), Cronquist (1981), Bremer (1994), and Bala and Gupta (2013). b Vallès et al (2005). c Stuessy et al (2009), chapter 13; x  = 27 (Watanabe et al 2007). …”

“… n Vallès et al (2005), Watanabe (2009) cited in Watanabe et al (2007), and Ward et al (2009), chapter 36.…”

“… q2 Watanabe et al (2007), Robinson et al (1997) presented x  = 10, and Anderberg (2009a, 2009b) presented the base numbers of x = 9 or x  = 10, chapter 39.…”

“… t x  = 9 or its multiples (Raven et al 1960) or also x  = 18 (Watanabe et al 2007); x  = 17–19 (Smith 1975) and x = 8 (Stuessy 1977) cited in Robinson (1981).…”

New or rare data on chromosome numbers and karyomorphology of some taxa in the subgenusSeriphidium(Bess.) Rouy. (Artemisia, Asteraceae) in Turkey

“…Despite its relevance, the chromosome number is only known for around 25% of angiosperms (Stuessy 2009). The Asteraceae are one of the families in which major efforts towards chromosome number and genome size determination have been made (Watanabe et al 2007;Semple and Watanabe 2009;Meng et al 2012;Mousavi et al 2013;Olanj et al 2013;Khaldi et al 2014). In particular, hypotheses on basic chromosome numbers in Asteraceae have been hampered by a lack of understanding of which genera were basal within tribes and which tribes were basal within the family.…”