Chromosome Studies in &lt;i&gt;Chionographis&lt;/i&gt; (Liliaceae)

Тanaka, Noriyuki; Tanaka, Norihiro

doi:10.1508/cytologia.44.935

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…1A-C). The chromosome number and karyotype observed here accord well to those previously reported (Sato 1942, Hara and Kurosawa 1962, 1979. This subspecies shows a remarkable variation especially in plant size (e.g., height of flowering stems and size of leaves) in southwestern Japan (Hara andKurosawa 1962, Tanaka 2017); i.e., the plants distributed on the Japan Sea coast (e.g., localities Cb-KS, -YN, -SZ) tend to be larger, whereas those on the Pacific coast (e.g., Cb-SM, -OT, Ki-GZ, S-OK, Ky-NN) are often small.…”

Section: Chromosomal Traits and Variationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Chionographis), C. japonicum (Willd.) N. Tanaka, C. koidzuminum (Ohwi) N. Tanaka and C. hisauchianum (Okuyama) N. Tanaka, have been studied chromosomally (Sato 1942, Kurosawa and Hara 1960, Hara and Kurosawa 1962, Ajima 1976, 1979, 1980, Pellicer et al 2014under Chionographis). According to previous reports, both C. japonicum and C. koidzumianum have 24 chromosomes in somatic cells (2n=24), and C. hisauchianum has 42 or 44 chromosomes (2n= 42, 44).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…According to previous reports, both C. japonicum and C. koidzumianum have 24 chromosomes in somatic cells (2n=24), and C. hisauchianum has 42 or 44 chromosomes (2n= 42, 44). Tanaka and Tanaka (1977, 1979, 1980 reported morphological and behavioral traits of chromosomes at various phases of the mitotic cycle and meiosis, and the mode of microsporogenesis in them, and suggested that all of the three species have holocentric chromosomes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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High Stability in Chromosomal Traits of Chamaelirium japonicum and C. koidzuminum (Melanthiaceae) with Holocentric Chromosomes

Тanaka¹

2020

CYTOLOGIA

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Chromosome number, morphology, and behavior in the mitotic cycle were examined for 334 individuals from 34 local populations of Chamaelirium japonicum, including two infraspecific taxa so far chromosomally uninvestigated, and for 20 individuals from three populations of C. koidzumianum, including one variety cytologically unexplored to date. All of the individuals proved to have holocentric chromosomes, and 351 out of the 354 individuals exhibited 2n=24=4L+20S (where L and S denote long and short, respectively) and were regarded as diploids (2x). Of the other three individuals of C. japonicum ssp. japonicum, two were triploids (3x) with 2n=36=6L+30S, and one was a hyperploid (2x+1) with 2n=25=4L+19S+2f, of which the two small chromosomes (f) presumably arose by fission in one short chromosome. The triploid and the hyperploid showed lower pollen stainability (16.3 and 71.7%, respectively) with cotton blue than normal diploids (98.0-99.5%). Factors leading to the high stability of chromosomal traits in the two species are suggested.

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Section: Chromosomal Traits and Variationsupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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High Stability in Chromosomal Traits of Chamaelirium japonicum and C. koidzuminum (Melanthiaceae) with Holocentric Chromosomes

Тanaka¹

2020

CYTOLOGIA

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“…Holocentric taxa have a broad phylogenetic distribution, including various groups of nematodes, arthropods, and plants (Melters et al, 2012). In flowering plants, they represent a minor fraction, including, for example, families Juncaceae (Bozek et al, 2012), Cyperaceae (Luceño et al, 1998;Roalson et al, 2007;Håkansson, 2010), Droseraceae (Kolodin et al, 2018); genus Chionographis [Liliaceae; (Tanaka and Tanaka, 1979)]; and some species from the genus Cuscuta (Pazy and Plitmann, 1994;Pazy and Plitmann, 1995;Pazy and Plitmann, 2002). Because holocentric taxa are often embedded within broader phylogenetic lineages possessing monocentric chromosomes, it is thought that holocentric chromosome organization originated from the monocentric format and that this transition occurred independently in multiple phylogenetic lineages (Melters et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitotic Spindle Attachment to the Holocentric Chromosomes of Cuscuta europaea Does Not Correlate With the Distribution of CENH3 Chromatin

et al. 2020

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The centromere is the region on a chromosome where the kinetochore assembles and spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. In the vast majority of eukaryotes, the centromere position is determined epigenetically by the presence of the centromerespecific histone H3 variant CENH3. In species with monocentric chromosomes, CENH3 is confined to a single chromosomal region corresponding to the primary constriction on metaphase chromosomes. By contrast, in holocentrics, CENH3 (and thus centromere activity) is distributed along the entire chromosome length. Here, we report a unique pattern of CENH3 distribution in the holocentric plant Cuscuta europaea. This species expressed two major variants of CENH3, both of which were deposited into one to three discrete regions per chromosome, whereas the rest of the chromatin appeared to be devoid of CENH3. The two CENH3 variants fully co-localized, and their immunodetection signals overlapped with the positions of DAPI-positive heterochromatic bands containing the highly amplified satellite repeat CUS-TR24. This CENH3 distribution pattern contrasted with the distribution of the mitotic spindle microtubules, which attached at uniform density along the entire chromosome length. This distribution of spindle attachment sites proves the holocentric nature of C. europaea chromosomes and also suggests that, in this species, CENH3 either lost its function or acts in parallel to an additional CENH3-free mechanism of kinetochore positioning.

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“…hisauchianum and minoense have 2n= 42, thus markedly differing from C. japonicum and C. koidzumianum that possess 2n=24 (e.g. Hara and Kurosawa 1962, 1979, Tanaka 2020. Except for subsp.…”

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Chromosomal Variation in Populations of Chamaelirium hisauchianum (Melanthiaceae) with Holocentric Chromosomes

Тanaka¹

2020

CYTOLOGIA

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Chromosomal traits and their variation were investigated for a total of 435 plants from 23 local populations of the three subspecies of Chamaelirium hisauchianum. 334 out of 340 plants of subsp. kurohimense had 2n=44=12L+32S (where L and S denote long and short respectively) with the base number 22 (x 1 ), and six others were all hyperploids with 2n=45 (2x 1 +1; five plants) or 46 (2x 1 +2; one plant). In subsp. hisauchianum, 46 out of 48 plants had 2n=42=14L+28S with the base number 21 (x 2 ), and two others had 2n=42 (2x 2 ) with an aberrant karyotype or 2n=43 (2x 2 +1). In subsp. minoense, 45 out of 47 plants, like subsp. hisauchianum, possessed 2n=42=14L+28S (x 2 =21), and two others showed 2n=43 (2x 2 +1) or 45 (2x 2 +3). All of the observed chromosomal variants exhibited structural heterozygosity and presumably arose by fission, fusion, and duplication probably derived from irregular chromosomal disjunction. The chromosomal variants found in all populations examined amounted to 2.3% on average. Pollen stainability with cotton blue in four chromosomal variants of subsp. kurohimense and minoense was lower than in chromosomally normal plants. Some topics relevant to the results were also discussed, comparing with the data previously reported for C. japonicum and C. koidzumianum that markedly differ in the mating system as well as some chromosomal traits.

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Chromosome Studies in <i>Chionographis</i> (Liliaceae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

High Stability in Chromosomal Traits of <i>Chamaelirium japonicum</i> and <i>C. koidzuminum</i> (Melanthiaceae) with Holocentric Chromosomes

High Stability in Chromosomal Traits of <i>Chamaelirium japonicum</i> and <i>C. koidzuminum</i> (Melanthiaceae) with Holocentric Chromosomes

Mitotic Spindle Attachment to the Holocentric Chromosomes of Cuscuta europaea Does Not Correlate With the Distribution of CENH3 Chromatin

Chromosomal Variation in Populations of <i>Chamaelirium hisauchianum</i> (Melanthiaceae) with Holocentric Chromosomes

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