Chronic alteration of circadian rhythm is related to impaired lung function and immune response

Abstract

Background Alterations of the circadian rhythm negatively impact several aspects of the health, including the lung function. Chronic shiftwork scale classically induces alterations in the circadian rhythm. However, its effects on pulmonary immune response are unknown. Aims To evaluate the impact of chronic alteration of circadian rhythm on pulmonary function and immune response. Methods In this context, a 12 × 24 hours and 12 × 48 hours work scale in shiftwork scale policemen (n = 25; 38.73 ± 6.92 years old) were compared with fixed work scale (8 h/d) civil men (n = 25; 34.00 ± 9.60 years old) who were evaluated for perceived stress, sleepiness, physical activity levels, anthropometric characteristics, lung function, pulmonary and systemic cellular and humoral immune response. Results Policemen presented increased levels of perceived stress (P < .0008), impaired sleepiness (P < .04) and lung function as demonstrated by reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) (P < .053) and FEV1 (P < .043) when compared with civil men. In addition, increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide (P < .037) and of IL‐2 (P < .0046) in the breath condensate revealed that policemen presented chronic lung inflammation compared with civil men. Although the whole blood analysis did not showed any differences between the two groups concerning the number of leucocytes, the humoral response revealed that policemen presented increased levels of IL‐2 (P < .002) and lower levels of IL‐10 (P < .001), clearly displaying a clinical status of low‐grade inflammation. Conclusions Chronic alteration of circadian rhythm in shiftwork scale policemen results in impaired lung function, beyond to impair pulmonary and systemic immune function.

Combined resistance and aerobic training improves lung function and mechanics and fibrotic biomarkers in overweight and obese women

“…After the interview with the volunteers, the first measurement taken was the body composition, analyzed by multi-frequency octopolar bioimpedance (Bioscan 920-II-S, Matron, United Kingdom), always between 08:00–10:00 a.m. ( Aquino-Santos et al, 2020 ).…”

“…The second analysis conducted was the levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), which were measured using the portable nitric oxide device NOBreath (Bedfont Scientific, United Kingdom) to evaluate pulmonary inflammation ( Aquino-Santos et al, 2020 ).…”

“…The fourth analysis conducted was that of lung function, which was evaluated by using a spirometry pre- and post-400 mcg of bronchodilator (salbutamol sulfate) by using the forced maneuver and the Masterscreen spirometer (Jaeger, Germany), using the reference values for the Brazilian population ( Duarte et al, 2007 ). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), relation FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal expiratory pressure flow at 25, 50, and 75% (MEF 25%, MEF 50%, and MEF 75%) were evaluated ( Albuquerque et al, 2015 ; Aquino-Santos et al, 2020 ).…”

“…The breath condensate samples were stored at -86°C until the measurements of adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and klotho were taken. The measurements were taken using DuoSet ELISA kits (R&D Systems; MN, EUA) and the reads were carried out using the microplate reader Spectramax I3 (Molecular Devices, CA, EUA) ( Aquino-Santos et al, 2020 ).…”

“…For instance, reduced levels of adiponectin have been found in obese individuals and are related to decreased insulin sensitivity and increased low-grade inflammation ( Moran et al, 2011 ). In addition, a pre-clinical study demonstrated that obese mice present structural alterations in the lungs, notably in the airways, characterized by airway fibrosis, related to increased levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the lungs ( Aquino-Santos et al, 2020 ). Of note, such fibrotic alterations can be functionally detected in humans by impulse oscillometry, a method used for evaluation of lung mechanics, which has been used in the present study.…”