Chronic diarrhea

Chu, Christopher; Rotondo-Trivette, Sarah; Michail, Sonia

doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2020.100841

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Diarrhea is a common health problem in the world, which induces 1.3 million deaths every year ( Troeger et al., 2017 ), especially for infants and young children ( Lamberti et al., 2016 ; Black et al., 2019 ). Generally, diarrhea is a clinical manifestation of intestinal ion transport channel proteins, channels, physical and chemical barriers being damaged, leading to disorders of water and electrolyte transport in the digestive tract ( Chu et al., 2020 ). In addition, diarrhea may be a symptom of many diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Diarrhea: An Updated Review

Xia

Jiang

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

125

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Diarrhea is a common problem to the whole world and the occurrence of diarrhea is highly associated with gut microbiota, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Generally, diarrheal patients or animals are characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis and pathogen infections may lead to diarrheal phenotypes. Of relevance, reprograming gut microbiota communities by dietary probiotics or fecal bacteria transplantation are widely introduced to treat or prevent diarrhea. In this review, we discussed the influence of the gut microbiota in the infection of diarrhea pathogens, and updated the research of reshaping the gut microbiota to prevent or treat diarrhea for the past few years. Together, gut microbiota manipulation is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of diarrhea, and further insight into the function of the gut microbiota will help to discover more anti-diarrhea probiotics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Diarrhea: An Updated Review

Xia

Jiang

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Pragmatically, chronic diarrhea is defined as a history of three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day for at least four weeks [ 1 ]. This debilitating condition affects up to 5% of the population [ 2 ] and has a severe impact on the quality of life in affected individuals [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Diarrhea in Humans—A Systematic Review and Treatment Guideline

Graven-Nielsen

Knoph

Okdahl

et al. 2023

JCM

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In patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea resistant to standard treatment, opioids are often used as rescue therapy. This systematic review investigated opioid effects on gut function in chronic diarrhea. PubMed and Embase were searched regarding effects of opioid agonists on the gastrointestinal tract in humans with chronic or experimentally induced diarrhea. A total of 1472 relevant articles were identified and, after thorough evaluation, 11 clinical trials were included. Generally, studies reported a reduction in stool frequency and an increase in transit time during treatment with the opioid receptor agonists loperamide, asimadoline, casokefamide, and codeine compared with placebo. Loperamide and diphenoxylate significantly improved stool consistency compared with placebo, whereas asimadoline showed no such effects. Compared with placebo, loperamide treatment caused less abdominal pain and urgency. Asimadoline showed no significant subjective improvements, but fedotozine was superior to placebo in reducing abdominal pain and bloating in selected patients. Only two relevant studies were published within the last 20 years, and standardized endpoint measures are lacking. Most trials included few participants, and further evidence is needed from larger, prospective studies. Likewise, consensus is needed to standardize endpoints for stool frequency, transit time, and consistency to conduct future meta-analyses on opioids in management of chronic idiopathic diarrhea.

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“…Intestinal inflammatory diseases are characterized by intestinal inflammation and the damage of the intestinal mucosa to varying degrees. Widespread epithelial cell death is one of them ( 39 , 40 ). The release of inflammatory factors can induce apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy of intestinal tissue cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium Deficiency Leads to Inflammation, Autophagy, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis and Contraction Abnormalities via Affecting Intestinal Flora in Intestinal Smooth Muscle of Mice

et al. 2022

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Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that plays a predominant role in various physiological processes in humans and animals. Long-term lack of Se will lead to many metabolic diseases. Studies have found that chronic Se deficiency can cause chronic diarrhea. The gut flora is closely related to the health of the body. Changes in environmental factors can cause changes in the intestinal flora. Our study found that Se deficiency can disrupt intestinal flora. Through 16s high-throughput sequencing analysis of small intestinal contents of mice, we found that compared with CSe group, the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Ileibacterium in the low selenium group was significantly increased, while Romboutsia abundance was significantly decreased. Histological analysis showed that compared with CSe group, the small intestine tissues of the LSe group had obvious pathological changes. We examined mRNA expression levels in the small intestine associated with inflammation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, tight junctions, and smooth muscle contraction. The mRNA levels of NF-κB, IκB, p38, IL-1β, TNF-α, Beclin, ATG7, ATG5, LC3α, BaK, Pum, Caspase-3, RIP1, RIPK3, PERK, IRE1, elF2α, GRP78, CHOP2, ZO-1, ZO-2, Occludin, E-cadherin, CaM, MLC, MLCK, Rho, and RhoA in the LSe group were significantly increased. The mRNA levels of IL-10, p62 BcL-2 and BcL-w were significantly decreased in the LSe group compared with the CSe group. These results suggest that changes in the abundance of Lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, ileum, and Romboutsia may be associated with cellular inflammation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, tight junction, and abnormal smooth muscle contraction. Intestinal flora may play an important role in chronic diarrhea caused by selenium deficiency.

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Chronic diarrhea

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Gut Microbiota and Diarrhea: An Updated Review

Gut Microbiota and Diarrhea: An Updated Review

Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Diarrhea in Humans—A Systematic Review and Treatment Guideline

Selenium Deficiency Leads to Inflammation, Autophagy, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis and Contraction Abnormalities via Affecting Intestinal Flora in Intestinal Smooth Muscle of Mice

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