Chronic dietary exposure to branched chain amino acids impairs glucose disposal in vegans but not in omnivores

Gojda, Jan; Rossmeislová, Lenka; Straková, Radka; Tůmová, Jana; Elkalaf, Moustafa; Jaček, Martin; Tůma, Petr; Potočková, Jana; Krauzová, Eva; Waldauf, Petr; Trnka, Ján; Štich, Vladimír; Andĕl, M

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.274

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Finally, animal protein could have a different biodisponibility or kinetics that could predispose to IR. A small study reported that vegan, who consumed less BCAAs than omnivores at baseline, had a significant decrease in insulin sensitivity after three months of BCAA supplementation [26]. Another study found a switch to fish and plant-based protein versus meat lowered plasma BCAAs in a small sample of mainly overweight individuals [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in plasma BCAA levels according to dietary profiles and dietary protein intakes have been investigated. While higher BCAA intakes have been related to plasma BCAA levels in some studies [16,26], others found no or an inverse association between these two factors [27,28,29]. One possible explanation for this discrepancy may be related to the source of protein, either animal or vegetal [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations Between Dietary Protein Sources, Plasma BCAA and Short-Chain Acylcarnitine Levels in Adults

et al. 2019

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Elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and C3 and C5 acylcarnitines (AC) levels observed in individuals with insulin resistance (IR) might be influenced by dietary protein intakes. This study explores the associations between dietary protein sources, plasma BCAA levels and C3 and C5 ACs in normal weight (NW) or overweight (OW) individuals with or without metabolic syndrome (MS). Data from 199 men and women aged 18–55 years with complete metabolite profile were analyzed. Associations between metabolic parameters, protein sources, plasma BCAA and AC levels were tested. OW/MS+ consumed significantly more animal protein (p = 0.0388) and had higher plasma BCAA levels (p < 0.0001) than OW/MS− or NW/MS− individuals. Plasma BCAA levels were not associated with BCAA intakes in the whole cohort, while there was a trend for an association between plasma BCAA levels and red meat or with animal protein in OW/MS+. These associations were of weak magnitude. In NW/MS− individuals, the protein sources associated with BCAA levels varied greatly with adjustment for confounders. Plasma C3 and C5 ACs were associated with plasma BCAA levels in the whole cohort (p < 0.0001) and in subgroups based on OW and MS status. These results suggest a modest association of meat or animal protein intakes and an association of C3 and C5 ACs with plasma BCAA levels, obesity and MS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Dietary Protein Sources, Plasma BCAA and Short-Chain Acylcarnitine Levels in Adults

et al. 2019

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“…Medical records of the out-patient department at a tertiary clinical nutrition center (University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic) were used for the present study. Data of vegan adults, who attended medical check-ups between 2012 and 2019, and volunteers from previous studies [9,10] of the department, who self-identified themselves as vegans (exclusive plant-based diet) were analyzed (n = 151). Non-vegan healthy volunteers, who were recruited for previous research projects of the department (Czech Rep. Ministry of Health grants 14,416 and 18-01-00040; Charles University grant 1,280,218), were used as controls subjects.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Is Prevalent Among Czech Vegans Who Do Not Use Vitamin B12 Supplements

et al. 2019

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As not much is known about the prevalence and predictors of nutritional deficiencies among vegans in the Czech Republic, we evaluated whether supplement use and duration of adherence to the vegan diet are associated with the risk of cobalamin and iron deficiencies. Associations between self-reported supplementation and duration of vegan diet with biomarkers of cobalamin (serum cobalamin, holotranscobalamin, homocysteine, folate) and iron status (serum ferritin, iron binding capacity, transferrin and saturation of transferrin) were assessed by cross-sectional analyses of medical data from a clinical nutrition center. Data from 151 (72 females) adult vegans (age 18–67 years), who were free of major chronic diseases and 85 (40 females) healthy non-vegans (age 21–47 years) were analyzed. Overall, vegans had significantly lower cobalamin, hemoglobin and ferritin levels, but higher folate and MCV values compared to non-vegans. Vegans not using cobalamin supplements were at higher risk of low plasma cobalamin than regularly supplementing vegans (OR: 4.41, 95% CI 1.2–16.16 for cobalamin, OR: 19.18, 95% CI 1.02–359.42 for holotranscobalamin), whereas no significant differences in cobalamin status related to duration of the vegan diet were observed. Regularly supplementing vegans had similar levels of cobalamin/holotranscobalamin as non-vegans. Despite lower ferritin and hemoglobin levels, there was no indication of a higher risk of iron-deficiency among vegans. To conclude cobalamin deficiency risk depends on supplementation status and not on the duration of an exclusive vegan diet, which underlines the need to integrate cobalamin status monitoring and counselling on supplement use in routine clinical care in the Czech Republic.

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“…Thus, the beneficial effect of plant proteins on cardiovascular health may not be assigned to a specific amino acid but rather to more complex associations of the amino acids or other substances tightly associated with those proteins. Experiments in rodents and randomized controlled trials have tested the effect of specific amino acids, or associations between two amino acids [12][13][14][15][16][17], on cardiovascular risk factors, lending credence to the possible beneficial or adverse effect of some amino acids, but the data provide no information about associations with amino acids categorized by protein sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of amino acid intake are strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality, independently of the sources of protein

Tharrey

Mariotti

Mashchak

et al. 2019

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Background The intake of specific amino acids (AA) has been associated with cardiovascular health, but amino acids are consumed together as dietary protein. Here we investigated the association between identified patterns of amino acid intake and cardiovascular mortality. Methods A total of 2216 cardiovascular deaths among 79 838 men and women from the Adventist Health Study-2 were included in our analysis. Baseline dietary patterns based on the participants' amino acids intakes were derived by factor analysis. Using Cox regression analyses, we estimated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and other dietary components. Results Three patterns of amino acids were identified. Factor 1 was positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality [hazard ratio (HR)Q5-Q1: 1.62, 98.75% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 2.28; P-trend <0.001]; and Factors 2 and 3 were inversely associated with CVD mortality (HR Q5-Q1 Factor 2: 0.74, 98.75% CI: 0.53, 1.04; P-trend <0.01 and HR Q5-Q1 Factor 3: 0.65, 98.75% CI: 0.44, 0.95; P-trend <0.05]. The associations with Factor 1 (with high loadings on indispensable amino acids such as branched chain amino acids, lysine, methionine) and Factor 3 (with high loadings on non-indispensable amino acids, namely arginine, glycine, aspartate+asparagine) remained significant after further adjustment for nutrient intake and for the five protein source patterns identified previously (HR Q5-Q1: 1.56 (0.99, 2.45) and 0.55 (0.35, 0.85); P-trends < 0.01). Conclusions Indispensable AA have a positive and some non-indispensable AA have a negative, independent, strong association with the risk of cardiovascular mortality.

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Chronic dietary exposure to branched chain amino acids impairs glucose disposal in vegans but not in omnivores

Abstract: Negative impact of increased BCAA intake on IS was only detected in vegans, that is, subjects with low basal amino acids/BCAA intake, which appear to be unable to induce sufficient compensatory changes within AT and SM on a BCAA challenge.

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Associations Between Dietary Protein Sources, Plasma BCAA and Short-Chain Acylcarnitine Levels in Adults

Associations Between Dietary Protein Sources, Plasma BCAA and Short-Chain Acylcarnitine Levels in Adults

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Is Prevalent Among Czech Vegans Who Do Not Use Vitamin B12 Supplements

Patterns of amino acid intake are strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality, independently of the sources of protein

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