Chronic Energy Malnutrition and Anemia in Pregnant Women in Medan

Abstract

--Chronic energy malnutrition (CEM) and anemia in pregnancy may affect the weight of babies born will have an impact on the quality of human resources. Anemia in pregnant women potentially endanger the mother and child and to this day it happened is still high in Indonesia, because that CEM and anemia require serious attention of all parties involved in health care. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the problem of anemia and chronic energy malnutrition (CEM) in pregnant women and analyze the relationship between CEM with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Medan. This study included a survey explanatory research with cross sectional design, conducted in four working area of community health centers in Medan (Belawan, Pekan Labuhan, Medan Deli and Terjun) on 114 pregnant women. CEM is determined by measuring the Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Blood hemoglobin concentration was measured by a "Hemoglobin Testing System: Quik-Check", plus the characteristic data of pregnant women (age, gestational age, pregnancy spacing, and parity) was obtained by questionnaire interviews. The results showed that of 114 pregnant women with 14,0 % was aged <20 years, 42.1% in the 2nd trimester of gestation and 47.4% trimester 3. 52.6% of pregnant women with pregnancy spacing <24 months and 27 2% parity > = 3. Chronic energy malnutrition (CEM) in pregnant women was 23.7% and 44.7% anemia. Chi square analysis results obtained significant relationship between CEM with anemia in pregnant women with OR of 4.082 95% CI 1.604 to 10.387. This shows that pregnant women who are at risk of anemia CEM four times greater compared with pregnant women who are not CEM. There was a significant correlation between anemia and CEM, and CEM was a risk factor for anemia in pregnant women in Medan. Thus one of the efforts that need to be done in the context of prevention of anemia of pregnant women in Medan is to reduce the incidence of CEM. Improvements nutrition not only during pregnancy but before the mother into their pregnancy, so that mothers begin pregnancy at a good nutritional condition.

Efektivitas Media Audiovisual dan Booklet Terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Gizi Dalam Pencegahan Kekurangan Energi Kronis

“…Pada proses mengatasi masalah status gizi khusunya status gizi pada wanita hamil untuk mendukung upaya mencapai tujuan SDG's (Sustainable Development Goals), selain itu sebagai upaya untuk pencapaiannya ditetapkan melalui rencana pelaksanaan yang komprehensif pada nutrisi ibu dan bayi sampai remaja 2016-2030. World Health Organization (WHO) melaporkan bahwa prevelensi kekurangan energi kronis secara global 35-75% secara signifikan meningkat pada trisemester ketiga dibandingkan trimester pertama dan kedua kehamilan [7,8].…”

Perbedaan Asupan Zat Besi Ibu Hamil Anemia dan non-Anemia di Jakarta Timur

“…Pemenuhan asupan ibu sangat penting karena penyerapan zat gizi mikro akan lebih maksimal jika pemenuhan zat gizi makronya tercukupi. Hasil ini sesuai dengan penelitian ibu hamil di Bogor bahwa defisiensi asupan zat gizi makro ditemukan pada 44% ibu hamil dan 85% defisiensi pada zat gizi Fe, walaupun variasi makan sayur buah dan susu tinggi [22].…”

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“…20 Penelitian lain juga menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi dari BBLR, pertambahan berat badan yang rendah saat bayi, dan pertumbuhan yang cepat pada masa anak berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 pada masa dewasa. 21 Keduanya, baik kondisi underweight maupun overweight yang disebabkan oleh riwayat BBLR dapat menyebabkan seseorang berisiko untuk menderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2.…”

“…Peningkatan pengetahuan diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sikap dan perilaku ibu hamil dalam konsumsi makanan sehingga pola konsumsi makanan yang baik dapat menghindarkan ibu hamil dari kurang energi kronis. 21…”