Chronic heart diseases as the most prevalent comorbidities among deaths by COVID-19 in Brazil

Pachiega, Julianne; Afonso, Alexandre José dos Santos; Sinhorin, Géssica Thaís; Alencar, Bianca Teshima de; Araújo, Marta dos Santos Miranda de; Longhi, Fabiana Gulin; Zanetti, Ariane Cristina Barboza; Espinosa, Omar Ariel

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946202062045

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Brazil has reported 83% of comorbidities in 17,752 cases of death in patients with COVID-19. Chronic heart disease (35.1%; 5170/14,737) and diabetes (28.7%; 4233/14,737) were the top 2 comorbidities linked to 14,737 deaths reported due to the COVID-19 [ 33 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India

Singh

Misra

2020

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

113

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Background and aims Presence of comorbidities in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have often been associated with increased in-hospital complications and mortality. Intriguingly, several developed countries with a higher quality of life have relatively higher mortality with COVID-19, compared to the middle- or low-income countries. Moreover, certain ethnic groups have shown a higher predilection to contract COVID-19, with heightened mortality. We sought to review the available literature with regards to impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on the health and economics, especially in context to the developing countries including India. Methods A Boolean search was carried out in PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar databases up till August 23, 2020 using the specific keywords, to find the prevalence of comorbidities and its outcome in patients with COVID-19. Results All available evidence consistently suggests that presence of comorbidities is associated with a poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. Diabetes prevalence is highest in Indian COVID-19 patients, compared to other countries. Majority of the patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic ranging from 26 to 76%. Conclusions Universal masking is the need of hour during unlock period. Low-income countries such as India, Brazil and Africa with less resources and an average socio-economic background, must adopt a strict policy for an affordable testing programs to trace, test, identify and home quarantine of asymptomatic cases. Despite the huge number of COVID-19 patients, India still has low volume research at the moment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India

Singh

Misra

2020

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

113

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“…Person suffering from COVID-19 and acute coronary syndrome are adopted in catheterization laboratory to check viral spread 60,61 . Heart diseases were found to be most prevalent co-morbidities in COVID-19 patients dying in Brazil 25 .…”

Section: Covid-19 and Heart Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two life style associated conditions of overweight and obesity are identified as potential risks factors towards contributing to severe illness associated in COVID-19 patients 18,21 . The most common co-morbidities that have been identified with SARS-CoV-2 infection are heart diseases, hypertension, and diabetes 20,[22][23][24][25] , which are the commonly found clinical conditions worldwide. Presence of diabetes and hypertension were found to be associated with a 2-fold while CVDs were associated with 3-fold increased requirement of intensive care and greater risk of severe disease, suggesting the importance of these co-morbidities as prognostic markers 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the World with Co-Morbidities of Heart Disease, Hypertension and Diabetes

Anand¹,

Sangeetha²,

Fathah³

et al. 2020

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now spread across the globe in past few months while affecting 26 million people and leading to more than 0.85 million deaths as on 2nd September, 2020. Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection increases in COVID-19 patients due to pre-existing health co-morbidities. This mini-review has focused on the three significant co-morbidities viz., heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which are posing high health concerns and increased mortality during this ongoing pandemic. The observed co-morbidities have been found to be associated with the increasing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 critical illness as well as to be associated positively with the worsening of the health condition of COVID-19 suffering individuals resulting in the high risk for mortality. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cell via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. Regulation of crucial cardiovascular functions and metabolisms like blood pressure and sugar levels are being carried out by ACE2. This might be one of the reasons that contribute to the higher mortality in COVID-19 patients having co-morbidities. Clinical investigations have identified higher levels of creatinine, cardiac troponin I, alanine aminotransferase, NT-proBNP, creatine kinase, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in patients who have succumbed to death from COVID-19 as compared to recovered individuals. More investigations are required to identify the modes behind increased mortality in COVID-19 patients having co-morbidities of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. This will enable us to design and develop suitable therapeutic strategies for reducing the mortality. More attention and critical care need to be paid to such high risk patients suffering from co-morbidities during COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…People with chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency, hypertension (Ejaz et al, 2020;Flaherty et al, 2020), and diabetes, along with elderly patients (Wang et al, 2020) are more prone to infection and death by SARS-CoV-2 than healthy people. In Brazil, chronic heart disease is the deadliest comorbidity in COVID-19 patients (Pachiega et al, 2020).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Na+/K+-ATPase as a Target of Cardiac Glycosides for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), identified for the first time in Wuhan, China, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which moved from epidemic status to becoming a pandemic. Since its discovery in December 2019, there have been countless cases of mortality and morbidity due to this virus. Several compounds such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and remdesivir have been tested as potential therapies; however, no effective treatment is currently recommended by regulatory agencies. Some studies on respiratory non-enveloped viruses such as adenoviruses and rhinovirus and some respiratory enveloped viruses including human respiratory syncytial viruses, influenza A, parainfluenza, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have shown the antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides, correlating their effect with Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) modulation. Cardiac glycosides are secondary metabolites used to treat patients with cardiac insufficiency because they are the most potent inotropic agents. The effects of cardiac glycosides on NKA are dependent on cell type, exposure time, and drug concentration. They may also cause blockage of Na+ and K+ ionic transport or trigger signaling pathways. The antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides is related to cell signaling activation through NKA inhibition. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) seems to be an essential transcription factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. NFκB inhibition by cardiac glycosides interferes directly with SARS-CoV-2 yield and inflammatory cytokine production. Interestingly, the antiviral effect of cardiac glycosides is associated with tyrosine kinase (Src) activation, and NFκB appears to be regulated by Src. Src is one of the main signaling targets of the NKA α-subunit, modulating other signaling factors that may also impair viral infection. These data suggest that Src-NFκB signaling modulated by NKA plays a crucial role in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we discuss the antiviral effects of cardiac glycosides on different respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 pathology, cell signaling pathways, and NKA as a possible molecular target for the treatment of COVID-19.

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Chronic heart diseases as the most prevalent comorbidities among deaths by COVID-19 in Brazil

Abstract: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India

Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India

COVID-19 and the World with Co-Morbidities of Heart Disease, Hypertension and Diabetes

Na+/K+-ATPase as a Target of Cardiac Glycosides for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

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