Chronic Inducible Urticaria: Part II

Abstract

Physical urticaria (PU) is a subgroup of acquired, chronic inducible urticaria which is associated with a known physical trigger. In PU, the symptoms are induced by exogenous physical triggers, such as friction, pressure, vibration, cold, heat, or solar radiation. All the PUs may manifest with both wheals and angioedema at the sites of the triggers with the exceptions that urticaria factitia (UF) (symptomatic dermatographism) presents with wheals only and pressure urticaria presents with angioedema only. More than one form of physically induced urticarias can be present in one patient.

A review of physical urticarias in the horse

“…Hepatitis, upper respiratory tract infections, progesterone, statins and diabetes mellitus have been implicated as a cause of dermatographism in human patients (Borlu et al . ,b). When the urticaria does not develop for several hours after the pressure is applied, the disease is known as delayed dermatographism or delayed pressure urticaria which has not been reported in the horse.…”

“…In human patients, delayed pressure urticaria can also be associated with fatigue and arthralgia (Borlu et al . ,b).…”

“…Urticaria and itch develop as the skin is warmed (Borlu et al . ,b). The ice cube test may also be used in horses.…”

“…Dermatographism, delayed pressure urticaria (DPU), cold contact urticaria, cholinergic urticaria (heat or exercise), solar urticaria and vibratory urticaria are examples of physical urticarias (Borlu et al . ,b; Borlu et al . 2017b; Sánchez‐Borges et al .…”

“…Physical urticarias (PU) are an inducible type of urticaria which are reproducibly generated by specific external stimuli such as pressure, cold or exercise. Dermatographism, delayed pressure urticaria (DPU), cold contact urticaria, cholinergic urticaria (heat or exercise), solar urticaria and vibratory urticaria are examples of physical urticarias (Borlu et al 2017a,b;Borlu et al 2017b;S anchez-Borges et al 2017). The diagnosis of PU is made based upon clinical history, physical examination and response to specific challenges.…”