1972
DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(72)90214-1
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Chronic ingestion by rats of standard diet treated with aluminum phosphide

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Cited by 24 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…The experience of other workers is even worse: 11 out of 15 patients died in one series (Singh et al, 1985) and 16 out of 20 patients in the only other series (Sepaha et al, 1985) reported so far. Its lethal characteristic is attributed to the fact that in the presence of moisture, aluminium phosphide releases phosphine (Childs & Coates, 1971;Hackenberg, 1972) which is a colourless gas, which is quickly oxidized in the body and cannot be detected on analysis. Phosphine exposure has previously been reported in relation to fumigation ofcorn (Modrejewski & Myslak, 1967) and bulk wheat (Jones et al, 1964;Heyndrieckx et al, 1976), transportation aboard a grain freighter (Wilson et al, 1980), attempted suicide (Zipf et al, 1967) and decomposition of ferrosilicon (Hunter, 1975).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The experience of other workers is even worse: 11 out of 15 patients died in one series (Singh et al, 1985) and 16 out of 20 patients in the only other series (Sepaha et al, 1985) reported so far. Its lethal characteristic is attributed to the fact that in the presence of moisture, aluminium phosphide releases phosphine (Childs & Coates, 1971;Hackenberg, 1972) which is a colourless gas, which is quickly oxidized in the body and cannot be detected on analysis. Phosphine exposure has previously been reported in relation to fumigation ofcorn (Modrejewski & Myslak, 1967) and bulk wheat (Jones et al, 1964;Heyndrieckx et al, 1976), transportation aboard a grain freighter (Wilson et al, 1980), attempted suicide (Zipf et al, 1967) and decomposition of ferrosilicon (Hunter, 1975).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In another long-term study, Wistar rats (30 males and 30 females per group) were exposed for 2 years via the diet to a mixture of aluminium phosphide and ammonium carbamate, as a commercial product, Phostoxin®, which was used as a source of phosphine gas in the fumigation of cereal grains and other agricultural products (Hackenberg,1972). The level of Phostoxin® included in the diet in this study was 90 g/metric tonne of diet, 10 times the dosage Annex to the EFSA Journal (2008) 754 1-34 opinion "Safety of aluminium from dietary intake" of aluminium phosphide recommended for cereal treatment and equivalent to 60 mg/kg diet of aluminium phosphide and 28 mg/kg added Al 3+ (approximately 1.4 mg/kg bw/day), No increase in the incidence of neoplasms in either male or female rats receiving aluminium phosphide compared with controls was observed (Hackenberg, 1972). The Panel noted the low concentration of aluminium phosphide used in this study and the fact that aluminum levels in the base diet were not reported.…”
Section: Carcinogenicitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Death associated with use of this grain weevil fumigant has been attributed to the release of phosphine (485,486). Animal feeding studies with grain fumigated with this material demonstrated no residual toxicity once the phosphine had been lost (487).…”
Section: Toxicology Of Aluminum and Its Compoundsmentioning
confidence: 99%