Chronic intrahypothalamic infusions of insulin or insulin antibodies alter body weight and food intake in the rat

McGowan, Malcolm K.; Andrews, Karolyn M.; Grossman, Sebastian P.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90112-f

Cited by 126 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Injections of insulin directly into the hypothalamic PVN also decrease food intake and rate of weight gain in rats (Menendez & Atrens 1991). Consistent with these data, an injection of antibodies to insulin into the VMH of rats increases food intake (Strubbe & Mein 1977) and repeated antiserum injections increase food intake and rate of weight gain (McGowan et al 1992). Thus, the VMH and PVN seem therefore to play an important part in the ability of centrally administered insulin to reduce food intake.…”

Section: Peripheral Signals Of Adipositysupporting

confidence: 56%

Appetite control

Wynne¹,

Stanley²,

McGowan³

et al. 2005

Journal of Endocrinology

475

403

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Our understanding of the physiological systems that regulate food intake and body weight has increased immensely over the past decade. Brain centres, including the hypothalamus, brainstem and reward centres, signal via neuropeptides which regulate energy homeostasis. Insulin and hormones synthesized by adipose tissue reflect the long-term nutritional status of the body and are able to influence these circuits. Circulating gut hormones modulate these pathways acutely and result in appetite stimulation or satiety effects. This review discusses central neuronal networks and peripheral signals which contribute energy homeostasis, and how a loss of the homeostatic process may result in obesity. It also considers future therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity.

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Section: Peripheral Signals Of Adipositysupporting

confidence: 56%

Appetite control

Wynne¹,

Stanley²,

McGowan³

et al. 2005

Journal of Endocrinology

475

403

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although there is a controversy in the issue weather insulin can cross the blood brain barrier and weather it is synthesized by the brain itself (Woods et al 2003;Gerozissis 2004). It has been found that central administration of insulin caused a decrease in food intake and weight loss in animals (Woods et al 1979;Riedy et al 1995) whereas opposite eff ect has been found when insulin antibodies were administered in or near the mediobasal hypothalamus (McGowan et al 1992) where insulin receptors are highly expressed (Halmos and Suba 2011).…”

Section: Role Of the Gastrointestinal Tract Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central and peripheral control of food intake

Abdalla

2017

Endocrine Regulations

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Th e maintenance of the body weight at a stable level is a major determinant in keeping the higher animals and mammals survive. Th e body weight depends on the balance between the energy intake and energy expenditure. Increased food intake over the energy expenditure of prolonged time period results in an obesity. Th e obesity has become an important worldwide health problem, even at low levels. Th e obesity has an evil eff ect on the health and is associated with a shorter life expectancy. A complex of central and peripheral physiological signals is involved in the control of the food intake. Centrally, the food intake is controlled by the hypothalamus, the brainstem, and endocannabinoids and peripherally by the satiety and adiposity signals. Comprehension of the signals that control food intake and energy balance may open a new therapeutic approaches directed against the obesity and its associated complications, as is the insulin resistance and others. In conclusion, the present review summarizes the current knowledge about the complex system of the peripheral and central regulatory mechanisms of food intake and their potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of obesity. Th e maintenance of the body weight at a stable level is a major determinant in keeping the higher animals and mammals survive (Jequier and Tappy 1999). As a compensatory mechanism, hunger increases and energy expenditure decreases the weight loss. However, opposite responses are triggered when body weight increases. Body weight can change only when energy intake is not equal to energy expenditure over a given period of time (Bray et al. 2012). A complex physiological control system is involved in the maintenance of the energy balance. Th is system includes aff erent signals from the periphery about the state of the energy stores and eff erent signals that affect the energy intake and expenditure (Sandoval et al. 2008). Th is regulatory system is formed by multiple interactions between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), adipose tissue, and the central nervous system (CNS). It is infl uenced by behavioral, sensorial, autonomic, nutritional, and endocrine mechanisms (Boguszewski et al. 2010). Satiety and adiposity signalsTh e food intake control includes a short-term regulation, which determines the beginning and the end of a meal (hunger and satiation) and the interval between the meals (satiety) and a long-term regulation with factors (signals of adiposity), which help to regulate the body energy depots (Cummings and Overduin 2007).Th e satiation means a suppression of the hunger and termination of the food intake aft er ingestion of Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 9:54 AM

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“…Insulin's importance to diet-induced thermogenesis was originally inferred from a study in rats showing that treatment with diazoxide, a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion, strongly attenuates the thermogenic response to a carbohydrate meal (19). Subsequent pharmacological studies demonstrated increased body temperature and energy expenditure, as well as reduced food intake, when insulin was injected into the hypothalamic ventromedial and paraventricular nuclei (20,21). These pharmacological studies suggested that insulin action in the hypothalamus coordinately reduces food intake while increasing SNS outflow to BAT to produce heat from fatty acid oxidation as a mechanism to increase energy expenditure.…”

Section: Regulation Of Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Signaling in the Central Nervous System

2005

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Insulin and its signaling systems are implicated in both central and peripheral mechanisms governing the ingestion, distribution, metabolism, and storage of nutrients in organisms ranging from worms to humans. Input from the environment regarding the availability and type of nutrients is sensed and integrated with humoral information (provided in part by insulin) regarding the sufficiency of body fat stores. In response to these afferent inputs, neuronal pathways are activated that influence energy flux and nutrient metabolism in the body and ensure reproductive competency. Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that reduced central nervous system insulin signaling from either defective secretion or action contributes to the pathogenesis of common metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity, and may therefore help to explain the close association between these two disorders. These considerations implicate insulin action in the brain, an organ previously considered to be insulin independent, as a key determinant of both glucose and energy homeostasis. Diabetes 54: 1264 -1276, 2005 A n important function of the central nervous system (CNS) is to ensure a steady supply of energy substrate to maintain the body economy and prepare for reproduction. To accomplish this task, widely divergent afferent signals must be integrated and transduced into homeostatic adjustments of food intake, energy expenditure, and nutrient metabolism.This perspectives article focuses on recent progress in our understanding of neuronal insulin action and the critical role it plays in energy homeostasis. Based on this information, we hypothesize that the close association between diabetes and obesity in humans arises, at least in part, as a consequence of deficient insulin signaling in both the CNS and peripheral tissues.Studies conducted Ͼ50 years ago first implicated the ventral hypothalamus as a key brain area in energy homeostasis, and an explosion of new information has both confirmed this early impression and illuminated many of the critical mechanisms involved. Among the key findings is evidence that insulin functions not only as a peripheral regulator of nutrient storage and release of circulating substrates but as a key afferent signal to the CNS for the control of energy balance. Indeed, neuronal insulin signaling is known to be important for the control of fat storage in animals as primitive as C. elegans and Drosophilia melanogaster, and the cellular signaling systems mediating these effects bear remarkable homology to those described in mammals. New data have also shown that neuronal insulin signaling is a determinant of lifespan and reproductive function in these organisms, further broadening the importance of this system to diverse areas of physiology and biomedicine.While we note growing evidence implicating insulin action in the control of cognition and neuronal function in cortical and hippocampal areas important to memory formation and information processing, this is not the focus of this article. However, we p...

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Chronic intrahypothalamic infusions of insulin or insulin antibodies alter body weight and food intake in the rat

Cited by 126 publications

References 35 publications

Appetite control

Appetite control

Central and peripheral control of food intake

Insulin Signaling in the Central Nervous System

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