Chronic Kidney Disease and Atherosclerosis: An Important Implication of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

Ohtake, Takayasu; Kobayashi, Shuzo

doi:10.5551/jat.ed146

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease were risk factors for PAD. Patients with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of atherosclerosis ( 27 ), this could explain chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for PAD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Foot Deformity Among the Population With Diabetes in Beijing, China: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and foot deformity are the most common causes of diabetic foot, which can considerably worsen the patient’s quality of life. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with DPN, PAD, and foot deformity among patients with diabetes living in Beijing, China. In total, 3,898 diabetes patients from 11 hospitals in Beijing were evaluated using questionnaires and physical examinations, and 3,758 patients were included in the analysis. We compared the demographic, clinical, biological characteristics, and comorbidities of patients with and without DPN, PAD, or foot deformity, and used binary logistic regression analysis to identify potential factors associated with these outcomes. Overall, 882 patients (23.5%) had DPN, 437 patients (11.6%) had PAD, and 1,117 patients (29.7%) had foot deformities, including callus. The risk factors for DPN included: age ≥40 years, a ≥10+year duration of diabetes, a body mass index of <18.5 kg/m2 or ≥24 kg/m2, a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥140 mm Hg, a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of ≥7%, chronic kidney disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The risk factors for PAD included: a 15+ year diabetes duration, a body mass index of <18.5 kg/m2, a SBP of ≥140 mm Hg, a HbA1c level of ≥7%, chronic kidney disease, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The risk factors for skeletal foot deformities included: women, age ≥40 years, a SBP ≥140 mm Hg, and hyperlipidemia. The risk factors for callus formation included: women, a SBP ≥140 mm Hg, and hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, the prevalence of foot deformities was higher than DPN and PAD in patients with diabetes. Managing the risk factors for DPN, PAD, and foot deformity is important for reducing the risk of diabetic foot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Foot Deformity Among the Population With Diabetes in Beijing, China: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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“… Even over age 75 years, treatment is effective, safe and appropriate [284] , [285] , [286] , [287] , [288] , [289] Family history* Early ASCVD, diabetes , hypertension [290] all increase risk for descendants [291] , [292] , [293] , [294] , [295] , [296] Obesity, visceral fat Major cause of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, even when at first ‘metabolically healthy’ [ 252 , [297] , [298] , [299] , [300] , [301] ]. Chronic kidney disease* CKD and atherosclerosis each increases risk and pathology of the other [302] , [303] , [304] , [305] Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Closely related to atherosclerosis and contributory to it [169] . Other co-morbidities Hypo- or hyperthyroidism [306] , gout [307] , sleep apnea [308] , gut microbiome (theoretical) [309] , Cushing's syndrome [310] , many others.…”

Section: Despite Many Recommendations Early Treatment Has Not Become ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

There is urgent need to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk earlier, more intensively, and with greater precision: A review of current practice and recommendations for improved effectiveness

Makover¹,

Shapiro²,

Tóth³

2022

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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“…From the baseline population of 9,764 individuals, we included 8,289 who participated in a second investigation five years later together with 1,561 newly recruited participants who met the study criteria, for a total population for the second investigation of 9,850 participants. Finally, 9,778 participants were included in the cross-sectional analysis after excluding 72 individuals who met any of the following criteria: pregnancy (considering the temporary exacerbation of gingivitis due to fluctuations in female hormones) (n = 9), pacemaker implantation (because the etiology that necessitated this treatment is unknown) (n = 12), undergoing hemodialysis therapy (n = 5), or in severe renal functional decline (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ＜30 mL/ min/1.73 m 2 ; n = 16) (considering another pathway may influence a progression of atherosclerosis, specifically, decreased renal function is associated with an accelerated increase in carotid IMT 24) ), and lacking of information on the dental (n=12) or clinical (n=18) parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Among Tooth Loss, Periodontitis, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: the Nagahama Study

Fukuhara

Watanabe

Yamazaki

et al. 2023

JAT

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Aims: This study aimed to clarify the relationships among tooth loss, periodontal condition, and subclinical atherosclerosis from the aspect of intensity, extent, and duration of inflammation. Methods:This cross-sectional study included 9,778 people from the Nagahama Study, a large-scale, general population-based study conducted in Japan. The number of teeth and periodontal status, including the attachment level (AL) and pocket depth (PD) of representative teeth from six regions, were evaluated by dentists. The maximum intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery was used as an index of atherosclerosis. Results:In the multivariate analysis adjusted for conventional risk factors, a large number of missing teeth (＜9 remaining teeth), which related to long-lasting inflammation indicative of the highest stage of periodontitis, was identified as an independent determinant of IMT in a general population (coefficient: 0.042; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.016 to 0.068). The presence of two or more regions with an AL ≥ 4 mm, which is indicative of the progressing, long-lasting stages of periodontal inflammation, was also independently associated with IMT (coefficient: 0.016; 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.028). On the contrary, PD, a measure of the early and reversible phases of periodontal inflammation, and loss of AL in the group without tooth loss were not significantly associated with IMT, because of the limited degree of accumulated periodontitis. Conclusion:The present results suggest that the association between periodontitis and atherosclerosis depends on the inflammation intensity, extent, and duration.

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Chronic Kidney Disease and Atherosclerosis: An Important Implication of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Foot Deformity Among the Population With Diabetes in Beijing, China: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Foot Deformity Among the Population With Diabetes in Beijing, China: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

There is urgent need to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk earlier, more intensively, and with greater precision: A review of current practice and recommendations for improved effectiveness

Associations Among Tooth Loss, Periodontitis, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: the Nagahama Study

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