Chronic kidney disease mortality trends in selected Central America countries, 1997–2013: clues to an epidemic of chronic interstitial nephritis of agricultural communities

Abstract

This study provides the most comprehensive mortality analysis of this epidemic published to date and confirms an excess of CKD-N18 mortality and its relation with the epidemic of CINAC. The overall trends and the mortality pattern among women, children and adolescents suggest that the heat stress-dehydration hypothesis cannot fully explain this epidemic and that other environmental factors, more likely agricultural practices and agrochemicals, may be causally involved.

Acronyms, CINAC, ACN, KDUCAL or NUCAL and so on are inappropriate to use for describing CKDu

“…We read with interest the article titled above on the chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1. We agree with authors’ conclusions that the available data and the mortality pattern presented suggest additional factors beyond those hypothesised, including heat stress–dehydration as possible causation of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) 2.…”

Clinical markers to predict progression from acute to chronic kidney disease in Mesoamerican nephropathy

“…The median serum creatinine level during these acute episodes was 2.0 mg/dl (range 0.9-5.1) ( Table 3 and Supplementary Table S2). Hematology and blood chemistry revealed leukocytosis (80.5%), neutrophilia (85.4%), and elevated C-reactive protein (75.9%); 19.1% had extreme leukocytosis (>20,000 cells/ mm 3 (Table 4 and Supplementary Table S3). Bacteriuria (24.2%; >few) was noted but was associated with epithelial cells in the specimen (P < 0.001), and urine cultures performed on 12 patients were negative.…”

“…1 It has since swept across the region, resulting in an estimated 50,000 premature deaths. [1][2][3] The epidemic of MeN currently affects communities in nearly all of Mesoamerica, from southern Mexico to Panama, and new evidence points to its emergence as early as the mid-1970s. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] A major barrier to ending the MeN epidemic is the lack of understanding about its underlying cause and pathophysiology.…”

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Iranian General Population: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review

“…CKD is one of the fastest growing chronic diseases in the world today . According to the report of the Global Burden of Disease study (2010), CKD has shifted from being the 36th leading cause of death in 1990 to the 19th leading cause of death in 2013 .…”