Chronic liver disease questionnaire: Translation and validation in Thais

Abstract

AIM: Quality of life (QOL) is a concept that incorporates many aspects of life beyond "health". The chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) was developed to evaluate the impact of chronic liver diseases (CLD) on QOL. The objectives of this study were to translate and validate a liver specific questionnaire, the CLDQ. METHODS:The CLDQ was formally translated from the original version to Thai language with permission. The translation process included forward translation, back translation, cross-cultural adaptation and a pretest. Reliability and validity of the translated version was examined in CLD patients. Enrolled subjects included CLD and normal subjects with age-and sex-matched. Collected data were demography, physical findings and biochemical tests. All subjects were asked to complete the translated versions of CLDQ and SF-36, which was previously validated. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest were performed for reliability analysis. One-way Anova or non-parametric method was used to determine discriminant validity. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess convergent validity. P -value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS:A total of 200 subjects were recruited into the study, with 150 CLD and 50 normal subjects. Mean ages (SD) were 47.3(11.7) and 49.1(8.5) years, respectively. The number of chronic hepatitis: cirrhosis was 76:74, and the ratio of cirrhotic patients classified as Child A:B:C was 37 (50%): 26(35%): 11(15%). Cronbach's alpha of the overall CLDQ scores was 0.96 and of all domains were higher than 0.93. Item-total correlation was >0.45. Test-retest reliability done at 1 to 4 wk apart was 0.88 for the average CLDQ score and from 0.68 to 0.90 for domain scores. The CLDQ was found to have discriminant validity. The highest scores of CLDQ domains were in the normal group, scores were lower in the compensated group and lowest in the decompensated group. The significant correlation between domains of the CLDQ and SF-36 was found. The average CLDQ score was strongly correlated with the general health domain of . CONCLUSION:The translated CLDQ is valid and applicable in Thais with CLD. CLDQ reveals that QOL in these patients is lower than that in normal population. QOL is more impaired in advanced stage of CLD.Sobhonslidsuk A, Silpakit C, Kongsakon R, Satitpornkul P, Sripetch C. Chronic liver disease questionnaire: Translation and validation in Thais.

Translation and validation of the Hindi version of chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) for the assessment of health related quality of life in patient with chronic liver disease in India

“…The homogeneity among the items, best assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, in our study was 0.93 for the overall score. The maximum values for the same have reached 0.96 in Thai 13 version validation studies; our findings were comparable to those of the Greek…”

“…) and Asian (Persian, 12 Thai, 13 Japanese, 14 Chinese, 15 Bengali 16 and Srilankan 17 ) languages. Such a cross cultural adaptation enables global comparisons of HRQOL data and also helps in designing international projects.…”

Psychometrics of the chronic liver disease questionnaire for Southern Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

“…Figure 1 compares the distribution of the Chinese (HK) CLDQ scores with those from other countries. The distribution pattern of the Chinese (HK) CLDQ subscale scores was very similar to those of other countries [3,9,11,13] , except Italy, supporting cross-cultural conceptual equivalence. Table 3 shows the mean item scores and standard deviation of the 29 CLDQ items grouped under their hypothesized subscales.…”

“…Previous studies showed that the CLDQ is more responsive than a generic measure to detect a change in patients with CLD [3,9] . It has been translated and validated in different languages [9][10][11][12][13] , supporting its potential for crosscultural adaptation. However, most of the psychometric data of the CLDQ have been derived from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and Western populations.…”

Dynamics and Liver Disease Specific Aspects of Quality of Life Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease in Yunnan, China

“…Social and cultural differences can confound the perception of QOL in disease-specific instruments as they are no way to adjust for those differences. Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the comparison of CLDQ scores of compensated and decompensated cirrhosis patients in each domain between Yunnan and Thailand (Sobhonslidsuk et al, 2004). The mean scores in each domain were similar between the two countries except the mean score of FA domain in patients with compensated cirrhosis of Thai patients was lower than those in Yunnan with statistical significance (p=0.036).…”