Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Dysphagia: A Synergistic Review

Lin, Ting-Fen; Shune, Samantha

doi:10.3390/geriatrics5030045

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of common chronic respiratory diseases, which is comprised of several classical clinical feature such as chronic airflow obstruction, usually progressive and almost irreversible, chronic bronchitis caused by inhalation, and small airway damage. The prevalence of this fatal disease is increasing dramatically worldwide, which is expected to be the thirdleading cause of death, placing a great burden on world's disease economy [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Inhibits Synthesis of IL-18 in Macrophage by Suppressing NLRP3 Expression to Reduce the Production of IFN-γ from NK Cells

Liu

2021

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Background. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) had exerted antioxidation and anti-inflammation effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, its effect in regulating interleukin- (IL-) 18 was not fully understood. This study was designed to evaluate the specific mechanism of NAC regulating IL-18. Materials and Methods. A total of 112 COPD patients and 103 health individuals were recruited in the study. Cytokine level in patients’ serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A COPD mouse model was established by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke. The expression of cytokines was measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. Inflammasome-related protein was measured by Western blot. Result. NAC could effectively improve the immune status of COPD patients as well as the COPD mouse model by downregulating proinflammation and inflammation cytokines including IL-1β, interferon- (IFN-) γ, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and IL-18. It also had the capability to suppress synthesis of IL-18 in macrophage to inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ from natural killer (NK) cells through influencing the inflammasome-related protein in macrophages. Conclusion. NAC could effectively inhibit the production of IL-18 by suppressing NLRP3 expression in macrophages to reduce the production of IFN-γ in NK cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Inhibits Synthesis of IL-18 in Macrophage by Suppressing NLRP3 Expression to Reduce the Production of IFN-γ from NK Cells

Liu

2021

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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“…COPD is a common and frequently occurring disease of the respiratory system [ 24 ]. The incidence and mortality are increasing year by year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiotropium Bromide Attenuates Mucus Hypersecretion in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Zhang²,

Yan

et al. 2021

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Background. Patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been observed to benefit from tiotropium bromide. However, there are few studies of tiotropium bromide on sputum and sputum viscosity. To evaluate the effect of tiotropium bromide on mucus hypersecretion, a randomized, double-blind controlled trial was performed. Methods. 120 cases of patients with pulmonary function grade II were divided into two groups, which include the treatment group given tiotropium bromide powder inhalation (18 μg, inhalation, QD) and the control group given formoterol fumarate powder inhalation (12 μg, inhalation, BID) plus ambroxol hydrochloride tablets (60 mg, oral, TID). After 3 months of treatment, the pulmonary function and α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) in sputum were detected, and the changes of glycoprotein and Ca2+ content were evaluated by Miller classification. Results. Three patients (2 cases in the treatment group and 1 case in the control group) were dropped due to loss of follow-up, and 117 cases of patients were enrolled in this study. After 3 months of treatment, the sputum character score, α1-acid glycoprotein, Ca2+ content, and lung function of the two groups were significantly improved; group comparison analyses revealed that there was no significant difference in the content of α1-AGP, Ca2+ in sputum, and lung function between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ), but the improvement of sputum properties was significant ( P < 0.05 ), and the treatment group was better than the control group ( t = − 2.77 ; P = 0.007 ). Conclusions. Inhaled tiotropium bromide can effectively inhibit the mucus hypersecretion in stable COPD patients, improve the sputum properties and lung function of patients, and improve the quality of life of patients.

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“…Because of this, normal swallowing is a complex process, coordinated with breathing to protect the airway. Patients with chronic respiratory diseases are at risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia and swallowing di culties may go unreported [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal Swallowing Physiology and Safety in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A consecutive descriptive case series

Alamer

Jones

Drinnan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction: Dysphagia occurs in multiple respiratory pathophysiologies, increasing the risk of pulmonary complications secondary to aspiration. Reflux associated aspiration and a dysregulated lung microbiome is implicated in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), but swallowing dysfunction has not been described. We aimed to explore oropharyngeal swallowing in IPF patients, without known swallowing dysfunction. Methods: Fourteen consecutive outpatients with a secure diagnosis of IPF were recruited and the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (Eat 10) used to assess patient perception of swallowing difficulty. Oropharyngeal swallowing was assessed in ten patients using Videofluoroscopy Swallow Studies (VFSS). The studies were rated using validated scales: Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS); standardised Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP). Results: EAT-10 scores indicated frank swallowing difficulty in 4/14 patients. Videofluoroscopy Studies showed that 3/10 patients had airway penetration, and one aspirated liquid without a cough response. Median MBSImp for oral impairment was 5, range [3-7] and pharyngeal impairment 4, range [1-14] indicating, overall mild alteration to swallowing physiology. Conclusion: We conclude that people with IPF can show a range of swallowing dysfunction, including aspiration into an unprotected airway. To our knowledge, this is the first report on swallowing physiology and safety in IPF. We believe a proportion of this group may be at risk of aspiration. Further work is indicated to fully explore swallowing in this vulnerable group.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Dysphagia: A Synergistic Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 82 publications

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Inhibits Synthesis of IL-18 in Macrophage by Suppressing NLRP3 Expression to Reduce the Production of IFN-γ from NK Cells

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Inhibits Synthesis of IL-18 in Macrophage by Suppressing NLRP3 Expression to Reduce the Production of IFN-γ from NK Cells

Tiotropium Bromide Attenuates Mucus Hypersecretion in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Oropharyngeal Swallowing Physiology and Safety in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A consecutive descriptive case series

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