2016
DOI: 10.1071/ma16051
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Chronic rhinosinusitis: a microbiome in dysbiosis and the search for alternative treatment options

Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic disease. While CRS is a multifactorial disease, many cases involve an imbalance in the sinus bacterial microbiome. This article reviews the composition of the healthy human sinus microbiome compared to the microbiome of CRS patients. Issues with current treatment options, particularly antibiotics, are discussed. Insights into the future of CRS treatment are also explored, principally with regards to probiotics.

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Cited by 16 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…The concept of “dysbiosis” in the sinus cavities during CRS has gained traction due to observations of shifts in bacterial community structures, delivered by 16S rRNA sequencing technologies (Bordin et al, 2016 ). However, several methodological limitations, including substantial variation in the native microbiome between individuals, limitations in obtaining larger samples sizes for control subjects and the influence of other disease-modulators, have hindered efforts to confirm this hypothesis (Anderson et al, 2016 ; Lee et al, 2016 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The concept of “dysbiosis” in the sinus cavities during CRS has gained traction due to observations of shifts in bacterial community structures, delivered by 16S rRNA sequencing technologies (Bordin et al, 2016 ). However, several methodological limitations, including substantial variation in the native microbiome between individuals, limitations in obtaining larger samples sizes for control subjects and the influence of other disease-modulators, have hindered efforts to confirm this hypothesis (Anderson et al, 2016 ; Lee et al, 2016 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While changes in CRS communities have been confirmed, it is unknown whether these changes are sufficient to initiate CRS, to exacerbate or prolong an inflammatory state, or whether they exist as a non-deleterious consequence of the disease (Hoggard et al, 2017 ). Part of the dysbiosis mechanism may involve loss of the Sino-nasal epithelial layer integrity, with bacteria (or other pathogens) and their metabolites activating the immune system, further aggravating and prolonging inflammation (Bordin et al, 2016 ). The future use of animal models to explore the influence of both disease and health associated organisms identified here could be an effective means to establish potential functional roles in chronic sinus disease.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A burgeoning focus on the human microbiome, the microorganisms that exist in and on human tissue, has led to a paradigm shift when considering what constitutes “healthy” sinuses. It is now understood that healthy sinuses are comprised of a varied and diverse local bacterial population acting in symbiosis, including low levels of bacteria that have typically been classified as pathogenic [6,7]. A number of studies have aimed to characterize the microbiome of the sinuses in both healthy and CRS patient cohorts.…”
Section: The Role Of the Immune System In The Upper Airwaysmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The large body of recent work describing microbial community composition in patients with CRS has been inconsistent due to large variations observed among individuals (Feazel et al, 2012 ; Aurora et al, 2013 ; Biswas et al, 2015 ; Bordin et al, 2016 ; Cleland et al, 2016 ). One recent study was able to group CRS patients based on the relative abundances of members from the families Pseudomonaceae, Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae , or Corynebacteraceae (Cope et al, 2017 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%