Chronic smoking and the BOLD response to a visual activation task and a breath hold task in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls

Friedman, Lee; Turner, Jessica A.; Stern, Hal S.; Mathalon, Daniel H.; Trondsen, Liv C.; Potkin, Steven G.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.040

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Friedman et al (2008) examined the effect of smoking history and a diagnosis of schizophrenia on brain function; fMRI data were collected in SCZ patients and HC while they performed a simple visual activation task. They found a statistically significant effect of smoking on median percent signal change in the calcarine cortex, cuneus and occipital lobe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking status as a potential confounder in the study of brain structure in schizophrenia

Schneider

White

Hass

et al. 2014

Journal of Psychiatric Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several but not all MRI studies have reported volume reductions in the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with schizophrenia. Given the high prevalence of smoking among schizophrenia patients and the fact that smoking has also been associated with alterations in brain morphology, this study evaluated whether a proportion of the known gray matter reductions in key brain regions may be attributed to smoking rather than to schizophrenia alone. We examined structural MRI data of 112 schizophrenia patients (53 smokers and 59 non-smokers) and 77 healthy non-smoker controls collected by the MCIC study of schizophrenia. An automated atlas based probabilistic method was used to generate volumetric measures of the hippocampus and DLPFC. The two patient groups were matched with respect to demographic and clinical variables. Smoker schizophrenia patients showed significantly lower hippocampal and DLPFC volumes than non-smoker schizophrenia patients. Gray matter volume reductions associated with smoking status ranged between 2.2% and 2.8%. Furthermore, we found significant volume differences between smoker patients and healthy controls in the hippocampus and DLPFC, but not between non-smoker patients and healthy controls. Our data suggest that a proportion of the volume reduction seen in the hippocampus and DLPFC in schizophrenia is associated with smoking rather than with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. These results may have important implications for brain imaging studies comparing schizophrenia patients and other groups with a lower smoking prevalence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking status as a potential confounder in the study of brain structure in schizophrenia

Schneider

White

Hass

et al. 2014

Journal of Psychiatric Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ninety percent of the patients in our sample were smokers, comparable to smoking prevalence among alcoholics in our region; whereas 20% of the controls were smokers, similar to the prevalence of smoking among non-alcoholics (Reich et al 2008). Nicotine dependence is associated with changes in brain function and connectivity in neuroimaging studies (Azizian et al 2009, Dager and Friedman 2000, Friedman et al 2008, McClernon and Gilbert 2004). Additionally, nicotine may affect cognition differently in recovering alcoholics compared to non-alcoholic controls (Nixon et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Fronto‐Cerebellar Functional Connectivity in Chronic Alcoholic Patients

Rogers

Parks

Nickel

et al. 2011

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence is associated with neurocognitive deficits related to neuropathological changes in structure, metabolism, and function of the brain. Impairments of motor functioning in alcoholics have been attributed to well-characterized neuropathological brain abnormalities in cerebellum. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we studied in vivo the functional connectivity between cerebellar and cortical brain regions. Participants were 10 uncomplicated chronic alcoholic patients studied after 5–7 days of abstinence when signs of withdrawal had abated, and 10 matched healthy controls. We focused on regions of prefrontal, frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex that exhibited an fMRI response associated with non-dominant hand finger tapping in the patients but not in the controls. We predicted that fronto-cerebellar functional connectivity would be diminished in alcoholics compared to controls. RESULTS Functional connectivity in a circuit involving premotor areas (Brodmann Area 6) and Lobule VI of the superior cerebellum was reduced in the patients compared to the controls. Functional connectivity was also reduced in a circuit involving prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area 9) and Lobule VIII of the inferior cerebellum. Reductions in connectivity were specific to fronto-cerebellar circuits and were not found in other regions examined. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a pattern in recently abstinent alcoholic patients of specific deficits in functional connectivity and recruitment of additional brain regions for performance of a simple finger tapping task. A small sample, differences in smoking, and a brief abstinence period preclude definitive conclusions, but this pattern of diminished fronto-cerebellar functional connectivity is highly compatible with the characteristic neuropathological lesions documented in alcoholics, and may reflect brain dysfunction associated with alcoholism.

show abstract

“…Longitudinal fMRI results from NP01 are also not included in the current report due to the fact that NP01 had a history of smoking and chronic smoking is known to abate cortical blood flow and has a dramatic effect on the fMRI cortical activations. 25 NP03 and NP04 did not participate in any neuroimaging studies. After providing a complete description of the study, written informed consent (and when necessary, parental consent and child assent) was obtained from all subjects for the longitudinal neuroimaging study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Human Visual Cortex in Assessment of the Long-Term Durability of Retinal Gene Therapy in Follow-on RPE65 Clinical Trial Patients

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Gene therapy (GT) has offered immense hope to individuals who are visually impaired due to RPE65 mutations. While GT has shown great success in clinical trials enrolling these individuals, evidence for stability and durability of this treatment over time is still unknown. Here we explore the value of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as an objective measure to independently assess the longevity of retinal GT. Design Individuals with RPE65 mutations, who underwent GT in their worse-seeing eye in a Phase I clinical trial, received a second subretinal injection in their contralateral eye in a follow-on clinical trial. fMRI was longitudinally performed to assess brain responses of RPE65 patients after stimulation of their most recently treated eye before and 1–3 years after GT. Subjects Seven RPE65 subjects who were part of the follow-on clinical trial were separately consented to participate in a longitudinal neuroimaging fMRI study. Methods All subjects underwent fMRI utilizing a 3-Tesla MRI system and a 32-channel head coil. Subjects’ cortical activations were assessed using a block design paradigm of contrast reversing checkerboard stimuli delivered using an MRI compatible video system. Main Outcome Measures The primary parameters being measured in this study are the qualitative and quantitative fMRI cortical activations produced by our subject population in response to the visual task checkerboard stimulus. Results fMRI results showed minimal or no cortical responses before GT. Significant increase in cortical activation lasting at least three years after GT was observed for all subjects. Repeated measures analysis showed significant associations between cortical activations and clinical measures such as full field light sensitivity threshold (FST) for white, red, and blue colors, visual field (VF), and pupillary light reflex (PLR). Conclusions RPE65-subjects showed intact visual pathways, which became responsive and strengthened after treatment. fMRI results independently revealed the efficacy and durability of a one-time subretinal injection. The fMRI results paralleled those recently reported during the long-term clinical evaluations of the same subjects.1 Results from this study demonstrate that fMRI may play an important role in providing complementary information to patients’ ophthalmic clinical evaluation and has utility as an outcome measure for future retinal intervention studies.

show abstract

Chronic smoking and the BOLD response to a visual activation task and a breath hold task in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls

Cited by 30 publications

References 76 publications

Smoking status as a potential confounder in the study of brain structure in schizophrenia

Smoking status as a potential confounder in the study of brain structure in schizophrenia

Reduced Fronto‐Cerebellar Functional Connectivity in Chronic Alcoholic Patients

The Role of the Human Visual Cortex in Assessment of the Long-Term Durability of Retinal Gene Therapy in Follow-on RPE65 Clinical Trial Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About