Chronic social isolation signals starvation and reduces sleep in Drosophila

Li, Wanhe; Wang, Zikun; Syed, Sheyum; Lyu, Cheng; Lincoln, Samantha; O'Neil, Jenna L; Nguyen, Andrew D.; Feng, Irena; Young, Michael W.

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03837-0

Cited by 68 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For example, a recent study found that inhibiting OXT signaling enhances sugar intake in a socially dominant mouse, regardless of their social context, whereas in subordinate mice, such inhibition only enhanced appetite when cues from the dominant mouse were not present 58 . Our results also complement the observations of strong interactions between social and feeding circuits across evolution 59 , 60 , and reinforce a role for OXT in prioritizing different motivated behaviors 4 . However, the effects of OXT in larval zebrafish may occur as part of a coordinated response to both social isolation and noxious contexts, rather than reproduction or parental care.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Social isolation modulates appetite and avoidance behavior via a common oxytocinergic circuit in larval zebrafish

et al. 2022

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Animal brains have evolved to encode social stimuli and transform these representations into advantageous behavioral responses. The commonalities and differences of these representations across species are not well-understood. Here, we show that social isolation activates an oxytocinergic (OXT), nociceptive circuit in the larval zebrafish hypothalamus and that chemical cues released from conspecific animals are potent modulators of this circuit’s activity. We delineate an olfactory to subpallial pathway that transmits chemical social cues to OXT circuitry, where they are transformed into diverse outputs simultaneously regulating avoidance and feeding behaviors. Our data allow us to propose a model through which social stimuli are integrated within a fundamental neural circuit to mediate diverse adaptive behaviours.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Social isolation modulates appetite and avoidance behavior via a common oxytocinergic circuit in larval zebrafish

et al. 2022

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“…Sleep bout distribution analysis was performed as described previously (52). Briefly, we calculated the duration of every sleep bout for the 2 nd hour of the experiment for L2 & L3 larvae at CT1 and CT13.…”

Section: Sleep Bout Distribution Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental emergence of sleep rhythms enables long-term memory capabilities in Drosophila

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Zhu

McClanahan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In adulthood, sleep-wake rhythms are one of the most prominent behaviors under circadian control. However, during early life, sleep is spread across the 24-hour day. The mechanism through which sleep rhythms emerge, and the consequent advantage conferred to a juvenile animal, are unknown. In 2nd instar Drosophila larvae (L2), like human infants, sleep is not under circadian control. Here, we identify the precise developmental timepoint when the circadian clock begins to regulate sleep in Drosophila, leading to the emergence of sleep rhythms at the early 3rd instar stage (L3). At this stage, a cellular connection forms between DN1a clock neurons and arousal-promoting Dh44 neurons, bringing arousal under clock control to drive the emergence of circadian sleep. Finally, we demonstrate that L3 but not L2 larvae exhibit long-term memory (LTM) of an aversive cue, and that this LTM depends upon deep sleep generated once sleep rhythms begin. We propose that the developmental emergence of circadian sleep enables more complex cognitive processes, including the onset of enduring memories.

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“…In D. melanogaster , it was shown that stress induced by prolonged social isolation causes an increase in food intake and a reduction in sleep. Social isolation results in an increase in limostatin and a reduction in drosulfakinin at the transcriptional level in the head, suggesting that social isolation mimics a starvation state without a limitation of food supply [ 213 ]. Similar observations of changes in eating behavior caused by social isolation and emotional stress toward uncontrolled food intake, increased food cravings, emotional eating, binge-like eating, and, to some extent, increased restrictive eating, were obtained in laboratory rodents [ 214 , 215 ] and humans [ 216 , 217 ], predominantly in females.…”

Section: Relevance Of Findings In D Melanogaster F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotyping of Drosophila Melanogaster—A Nutritional Perspective

et al. 2022

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The model organism Drosophila melanogaster was increasingly applied in nutrition research in recent years. A range of methods are available for the phenotyping of D. melanogaster, which are outlined in the first part of this review. The methods include determinations of body weight, body composition, food intake, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. In the second part, the practical application of the phenotyping of flies is demonstrated via a discussion of obese phenotypes in response to high-sugar diet (HSD) and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. HSD feeding and HFD feeding are dietary interventions that lead to an increase in fat storage and affect carbohydrate-insulin homeostasis, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. Furthermore, studies regarding the impacts of HSD and HFD on the transcriptome and metabolome of D. melanogaster are important for relating phenotypic changes to underlying molecular mechanisms. Overall, D. melanogaster was demonstrated to be a valuable model organism with which to examine the pathogeneses and underlying molecular mechanisms of common chronic metabolic diseases in a nutritional context.

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Chronic social isolation signals starvation and reduces sleep in Drosophila

Cited by 68 publications

References 45 publications

Social isolation modulates appetite and avoidance behavior via a common oxytocinergic circuit in larval zebrafish

Social isolation modulates appetite and avoidance behavior via a common oxytocinergic circuit in larval zebrafish

Developmental emergence of sleep rhythms enables long-term memory capabilities in Drosophila

Phenotyping of Drosophila Melanogaster—A Nutritional Perspective

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