Chronic Stress Induces Neurotrophin-3 in Rat Submandibular Gland

Saruta, Juri; Iida, Michio; Kondo, Yusuke; To, Masahiro; Hayashi, Takashi; Hori, Mayumi; Sato, Sadao; Tsukinoki, Keiichi

doi:10.3349/ymj.2012.53.6.1085

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the present study, group II had high levels of NT-3 mRNA gene expression within the submandibular gland. This is in accordance with Saruta et al [51] , who observed that immobilization stress increases NT-3 mRNA levels n the rat hippocampus. This finding may be due to the presence of high brain NT-3 level which are markedly affected by stressful events.…”

Section: Discussion:-supporting

confidence: 93%

Biological Impact of Cinnamon Extract vs. Diazepam on Submandibular Salivary Glands of Stressed Albino Rats.

Hassan¹,

Amin²,

Mourad³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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Background and Objective: Cinnamon extract and diazepam found to have an ameliorative impact against anxiety influenced changes in salivary glands. Thus, this study was conducted to demonstrate and compare the possible biological impact of cinnamon extract versus diazepam upon submandibular salivary glands of stressed albino rats. Material and Methods: Forty eight adult male albino rats, were divided randomly into 4 equal groups; negative control group I, group II, III & IV rats were subjected to chronic restraint stress 6 hours daily for 15 days. The rats of groups III and IV were concomitantly received cinnamon oil extract or diazepam respectively. Six rat of each group were euthanized on 16 th day while the rest was euthanized on 30 th day. The specimens from submandibular salivary glands were prepared for staining with H&E, iNOS stains and NT-3 gene expression via RT-PCR. The obtained data were tabulated, coded then analyzed using SPSS. Results: Control group revealed normal structural and architectural features of normal salivary glands. Groups II, III and IV showed variable atrophic changes of acini and ductal cells after 16 th day. While, on 30 th day, salivary glands showed up about with typical histological features. The highest level of iNOS and NT-3 gene expression was observed in group II at the two examination periods. Statistically, there was an overall significant difference between all groups in relation to all studied parameters. Conclusion: Cinnamon extract could protect or delay various neurodegenerative disorders. Also, it may be a valuable alternative for diazepam in management of stress-induced changes.

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Section: Discussion:-supporting

confidence: 93%

Biological Impact of Cinnamon Extract vs. Diazepam on Submandibular Salivary Glands of Stressed Albino Rats.

Hassan¹,

Amin²,

Mourad³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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“…We previously reported that the salivary glands regulate the levels of certain substances in the blood and therefore can exert systemic effects via the bloodstream. 14,25,26) LF is produced by the salivary glands and is more abundant in the saliva than in the blood. 27) LF is useful for targeted delivery into the brain 10) because the transferrin receptor is overexpressed in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary lactoferrin is transferred into the brain via the sublingual route

Hayashi

Saruta

et al. 2017

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Lactoferrin (LF) is produced by exocrine glands including salivary gland, and has various functions including infection defense. However, the transfer of LF from peripheral organs into the brain remains unclear. To clarify the kinetics of salivary LF (sLF), we investigated the consequences of sialoadenectomy and bovine LF (bLF) sublingual administration in rats. The salivary glands were removed from male Wistar rats, and we measured rat LF levels in the blood and brain at 1 week post-surgery. We also examined the transfer of LF into the organs of the rats after sublingual administration of bLF. Rat LF levels in the blood and brain were significantly reduced by sialoadenectomy. Sublingual bLF administration significantly increased bLF levels in the brain, which then decreased over time. These results indicate that LF is transferred from the sublingual mucosa to the brain, in which favorable effects of sLF on brain will be expected via the sublingual mucosa.

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“…Because mice show nocturnal behavior, they were restrained from 1800 to 1000 h (16 h) for 3 consecutive days. After release from the restraining mesh, they were returned to their cages and given access to food and water, as were the controls 27,28…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After release from the restraining mesh, they were returned to their cages and given access to food and water, as were the controls. 27 , 28 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Stress on Mouse β-Defensin-3 Expression in the Upper Digestive Mucosa

Kawashima

Shimizu

et al. 2014

Yonsei Med J

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PurposeGastrointestinal integrity and immune surveillance are affected by stress. Stress also adversely affects mucosal barrier function. β-defensins constitute an integral component of the innate immune system as antimicrobial peptides, serving as the first line of defense against microbial pathogens at the epithelial surfaces of the upper digestive mucosa. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of stress on the expression profile of mouse β-defensin-3 in the upper digestive mucosa of mice with diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe established a mouse model of restraint stress by using NSY/Hos mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the effects of stress and glucocorticoid administration on mouse β-defensin-3 expression in the upper digestive mucosa of the gingiva, esophagus, and stomach.ResultsMouse β-defensin-3 mRNA expression was higher in the esophagus than in the gingiva or stomach (p<0.05). In the esophagus, mouse β-defensin-3 mRNA expression was lower in stressed mice than in non-stressed mice (p<0.05). Furthermore, immunoreactivity to mouse β-defensin-3 protein was lower in the esophagus of stressed mice than non-stressed mice, consistent with the results of mRNA expression analysis. Systemic glucocorticoid administration also downregulated esophageal mouse β-defensin-3 mRNA expression.ConclusionOur novel findings show that stress decreases mouse β-defensin-3 expression in the esophagus of mice with diabetes, possibly due to increased endogenous glucocorticoid production. It appears to be highly likely that stress management may normalize mucosal antimicrobial defenses in patients with diabetes.

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Chronic Stress Induces Neurotrophin-3 in Rat Submandibular Gland

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Biological Impact of Cinnamon Extract vs. Diazepam on Submandibular Salivary Glands of Stressed Albino Rats.

Biological Impact of Cinnamon Extract vs. Diazepam on Submandibular Salivary Glands of Stressed Albino Rats.

Salivary lactoferrin is transferred into the brain via the sublingual route

Effects of Stress on Mouse β-Defensin-3 Expression in the Upper Digestive Mucosa

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