Chronic wasting disease: a cervid prion infection looming to spillover

Otero, Alicia; Velásquez, Camilo Duque; Aiken, Judd M.; McKenzie, Debbie

doi:10.1186/s13567-021-00986-y

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervid species (deer, elk, moose and reindeer) that has been identified in captive and free-ranging populations in North America, Korea and Scandinavia (Otero et al 2021 ). CWD belongs to the larger family of protein misfolding disorders and is classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) or prion disease.…”

Section: Cwd Discovery and Spread Over 40 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large animal models for chronic wasting disease

Mathiason

2022

Cell Tissue Res

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative prion disease of cervid species including deer, elk, moose and reindeer. The disease has shown both geographic and species expansion since its discovery in the late 1960’s and is now recognized in captive and free-ranging cervid populations in North America, Asia and Europe. The facile transmission of CWD is unique among prion diseases and has resulted in growing concern for cervid populations and human public health. The development of native cervid host models with longitudinal monitoring has revealed new insights about CWD pathogenesis and transmission dynamics. More than 20 years of experimental studies conducted in these models, using biologically relevant routes of infection, have led to better understanding of many aspect of CWD infections. This review addresses some of these insights, including: (i) the temporal intra-host trafficking of CWD prions in tissues and bodily fluids, (ii) the presence of infectivity shed in bodily excretions that may help explain the facile transmission of CWD, (iii) mother-to-offspring CWD transmission, (iv) the influence of some Prnp polymorphisms on CWD susceptibility, and (vi) continued development of vaccine strategies to mitigate CWD.

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Section: Cwd Discovery and Spread Over 40 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large animal models for chronic wasting disease

Mathiason

2022

Cell Tissue Res

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“…When compared to BSE, CWD appears to have a wider peripheral distribution of prions and much more efficient horizontal transmission. CWD prions have been readily detected in many peripheral tissues and biological fluids, including muscle, skin, lymph nodes, salivary glands, urinary bladder, pancreas, kidney, intestine, blood, urine, feces, and saliva [ 19 ]. This makes CWD prions more accessible to exposure to other animals and humans than BSE prions.…”

Section: Species Barrier and Cwd Zoonotic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another alternative is a spontaneous switch on PrP C conformation (Figure 1), perhaps triggered by changes on the cellular milieu or a defect on the cellular response to protein misfolding [7]. In the past several decades, the disease has been rapidly and progressively spreading geographically and now affects 30 states in the USA, four Canadian provinces, South Korea, and has been recently reported in various countries of Northern Europe, including Norway, Sweden, and Finland [16][17][18][19]. By far the country most affected by CWD is the USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past several decades, the disease has been rapidly and progressively spreading geographically and now affects 30 states in the USA, four Canadian provinces, South Korea, and has been recently reported in various countries of Northern Europe, including Norway, Sweden, and Finland [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. By far the country most affected by CWD is the USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission, Strain Diversity, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease

Pritzkow¹

2022

Viruses

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting several species of captive and free-ranging cervids. In the past few decades, CWD has been spreading uncontrollably, mostly in North America, resulting in a high increase of CWD incidence but also a substantially higher number of geographical regions affected. The massive increase in CWD poses risks at several levels, including contamination of the environment, transmission to animals cohabiting with cervids, and more importantly, a putative transmission to humans. In this review, I will describe the mechanisms and routes responsible for the efficient transmission of CWD, the strain diversity of natural CWD, its spillover and zoonotic potential and strategies to minimize the CWD threat.

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“…Korean elk were originally imported from North America, and CWD in Korean elk has been reported sporadically (17). Given that CWD is a highly infectious prion disease and can be transmitted by peripheral body fluids, including urine, tears and saliva, it is very important to breed elk that are genetically resistant to CWD for preemptive control of CWD (18). However, the M132L SNP, one of the important genetic factors of CWD, has not been investigated in Korean elk to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Study of the M132L Single Nucleotide Polymorphism With Susceptibility to Chronic Wasting Disease in Korean Elk: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a deleterious brain proteinopathy caused by a pathogenic form of prion protein (PrPSc), which is converted from a benign form of prion protein (PrPC) encoded by the prion protein gene (PRNP). In elk, the M132L single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the PRNP gene likely plays a pivotal role in susceptibility to CWD. However, the association of the M132L SNP with susceptibility to CWD has not been evaluated in Korean elk to date. To estimate the association of the M132L SNP with susceptibility to CWD in Korean elk, we investigated the genotype and allele frequencies of the M132L SNP by amplicon sequencing and performed association analysis between CWD-positive and CWD-negative elk. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the M132L SNP and susceptibility to CWD in quantitatively synthesized elk populations. Furthermore, we estimated the effect of the M132L SNP on elk PrP using in silico programs, including PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, AMYCO and Swiss-PdbViewer. We did not identify a significant association between the M132L SNP of PRNP and susceptibility to CWD in Korean elk. The meta-analysis also did not identify a strong association between the M132L SNP of PRNP and susceptibility to CWD in quantitatively synthesized elk populations. Furthermore, we did not observe significant changes in structure, amyloid propensity or electrostatic potential based on the M132L SNP in elk PrP. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report of an association analysis and meta-analysis in Korean elk and quantitatively synthesized elk populations, respectively.

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Chronic wasting disease: a cervid prion infection looming to spillover

Cited by 24 publications

References 147 publications

Large animal models for chronic wasting disease

Large animal models for chronic wasting disease

Transmission, Strain Diversity, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease

Association Study of the M132L Single Nucleotide Polymorphism With Susceptibility to Chronic Wasting Disease in Korean Elk: A Meta-Analysis

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