Chronicity of criminal behavior and psychopathology in male exhibitionists

Forgac, Gregory E.; Cassel, Charlene A.; Michaels, Edward J.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198405)40:3<827::aid-jclp2270400333>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The subjects were candid in their replies to questions insofar as indicated by clinically nonsignificant MMPI validity scales. MMPI L, F, and K scores were within valid limits and not unlike those previously reported for exhibitionists (McCreary, 1975; Rader, 1977; and Forgac et al, 1984). Overall, the pro-rated IQ, based on the Shipley Institute of Living Scale (SILS; Shipley-Boyle, 1967), was quite similar for both groups ( t = 1.29, p < .05) (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

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Genital exhibitionism: Courtship disorder or narcissism?

Lang¹,

Langevin²,

Checkley³

et al. 1987

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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The present study contrasted the courtship disorder and narcissism hypotheses of genital exhibitionism. Two offender groups-34 "persistent" exhibitionists and 20 nonviolent nonsex offender controls-were compared on measures of gender identity and sexual and criminal history. The results revealed various things. (1) A surprising number of exhibitionists (41%) were transvestitic but, overall, (2) gender identity was masculine and not significantly different from controls. (3) In partial support of Freund et al.'s (1983) theory of the courtship disorders, exhibitionists also engaged in a variety of other sexually anomalous behaviours, namely, voyeurism (71%), obscene telephone calling (32%), frottage (38%), toucheurism (26%), and attempted rape (18%). However, the majority of these sexual outlets were not associated with orgasm. (4) The highest correlation of exhibiting frequency was with voyeurism and, with the hope that the female would be impressed by penis size during exhibiting. Frequency of exhibiting was uncorrelated with desire for resulting intercourse with the victim. Nearly all exhibitionists (94%) hoped the unsuspecting female would enjoy the experience and 19 (56%) of the men would have gone with the complainant, if invited to do so. (5) A noteworthy 20% of exhibitionists had a history of violence-related offences. The composite sexual behaviour of the exhibitionist involving under-age victims, transvestism, voyeurism, and behaviour during exhibiting, were interpreted as best supporting the narcissism hypothesis.Genital exhibitionism usually has been treated as more of a social nuisance than as a serious problem. Even today, it remains poorly understood and little researched. Theories attempting to explain exhibitionism fall into four overlapping major categories: personality pathology, inadequate heterosexuality, problems in parentchild relations, and biological anomalies. The first two sets of theories are the topic of this paper. The last two sets of theories have little empirical work on them and will not be considered here (cf. Langevin, 1985b).PERSONALITY PATHOLOGY Personality characteristics have been considered etiologically significant in a range of sexually anomalous men (cf.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Several studies have examined gender role behaviours in exhibitionists and controls, but significant differences were not found (e.g. Forgac et al, 1984; McCreary, 1975). Only one study examined gender identity.…”

Section: Personality Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genital exhibitionism: Courtship disorder or narcissism?

Lang¹,

Langevin²,

Checkley³

et al. 1987

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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“…Higher Pd elevations may also reflect chronicity of criminal behavior. In Forgac et al (1984), scores on Pd increased with the number of arrests, with moderate to large effect sizes found when differentiating the groups based on number of arrests. These latter results suggest that Pd scale elevations may reflect psychopathological characteristics that are supportive of criminal behavior, rather than characteristics specific to the nature of sexual offending.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Forgac, Cassel, and Michaels (1984) attempted to replicate the McCreary (1975a) study by classifying 84 male exhibitionists based on the number of prior arrests. Offenders were classified as either having no prior arrests, as intermediate (one to five prior arrests), or chronic exhibitionists (six or more arrests).…”

Section: Sex Offenders Compared By Number Of Previous Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of objective personality inventories with sex offenders

Davis

Archer

2010

J Clin Psychol

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This review provides a critical analysis of the ability of multiscale inventories to distinguish between sex offender and nonoffender control groups, as well as to discriminate sex offenders from other types of offenders. In addition to expanding upon previous reviews that examined the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) with this population (e.g., Levin & Stava, 1987), the current review included studies that utilized other multiscale inventories commonly used in forensic practice (i.e., MMPI-2, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III [MCMI-III], Personality Assessment Inventory) and, when possible, provides effect sizes to evaluate group differences. Based on the review, the various forms of the MMPI and MCMI are clearly the most widely used instruments in sex offender populations. The MMPI Pd scale has shown moderate to large effect sizes when distinguishing between sex offender and nonsex offender groups, but this relationship may be reflective of antisocial behavior in general rather than traits specific to sex offenders. Recommendations to standardize future research classification strategies and more effectively utilize these instruments when assessing sex offenders are also provided.

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Noncontact Paraphilic Sexual Offenses

Krueger

Kaplan

2016

Sexual Offending

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Chronicity of criminal behavior and psychopathology in male exhibitionists

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Genital exhibitionism: Courtship disorder or narcissism?

Genital exhibitionism: Courtship disorder or narcissism?

A critical review of objective personality inventories with sex offenders

Noncontact Paraphilic Sexual Offenses

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