Chronoamperometry as effective alternative technique for electro‐synthesis of ortho‐phenylendiamine permselective films for biosensor applications

Abstract

Analyte quantification in first generation electrochemical biosensors is threatened by electro‐active molecules, such as ascorbic acid (AA). Electrochemical deposition of ortho‐phenylendiamine (oPD) on transducer considerably reduces AA interfering. These properties of poly‐oPD (PPD) are influenced by electro‐polymerization conditions. Chronoamperometry (CA) is proposed as an alternative technique for oPD electro‐deposition over Pt. Pt/PPD sensors are evaluated through functional parameters related to AA rejection and analytical performances. N2, O2, and air bubbled supporting electrolyte and several step duration times are used. Best performing CA‐PPD sensor is obtained in N2‐purged phosphate solution containing 300 mM oPD by means of a 1 s step duration/120 steps CA. High performing PPD is achieved in shorter time compared to commonly used constant potential amperometry. Aging of polymeric features and scanning electron microscopy investigations are performed and optimized CA electro‐polymerization conditions are used to build up an efficient interference blocking layer in a glucose oxidase biosensor.

Biosensing Membrane Base on Ferulic Acid and Glucose Oxidase for an Amperometric Glucose Biosensor

“…Figure 2 A shows the cyclic voltammogram from FA–GOx–BSA electropolymerization. After the first cycle, a decrease of the anodic peak current was observed; a similar performance was observed at other monomers such as aminophenol and phenylenediamine used for biosensors fabrication by electropolymerization [ 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 27 , 28 ].…”

“…At the second and successive cycles, the anodic current decreased rapidly, whereas the reduction currents persisted. The behavior is explained by the electrodeposition of a strongly passivating polymer layer onto the electrode surface; similar behavior was observed for phenols and aromatic amines electropolymerization [ 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 27 , 28 ]. Furthermore, at the three systems after the first cycle, a small oxidation at less positive potentials (Epa III ) appeared (figures inset).…”

“…The improvement of analytical parameters can be achieved by modifications of the biosensing membrane synthesis, utilizing modified recognized elements, redox mediators, or nanomaterials, as well as using different immobilization methods by employing a variety of chemicals that allow the synthesis of strong biosensing membranes [ 1 , 3 ]. Knowing that biosensor performance is strongly dependent upon the enzyme immobilization process [ 6 ], several research groups have explored enzyme immobilization by electropolymerization utilizing conductive and non-conductive polymers [ 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Impedimetric Sensors for Cyclocreatine Phosphate Determination in Plasma Based on Electropolymerized Poly(o-phenylenediamine) Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

“…Upon oxidation, o -PD forms a polymeric matrix of poly- o -PD (P o PD), where the chemical and physical features of P o PD are highly dependent on the reaction conditions, such as the oxidation method and pH . P o PD has attracted much interest as a substrate to be functionalized in the MIP field. − It is used as a preparative strategy to identify surfaces with specific functionality. , There are many candidates for the electrosynthesis of MIP reported in the literature such as pyrrole, oo -PD, thiophene, phenol, and recently dopamine, and levodopa. In this respect, spectroscopic studies (such as UV–Vis and NMR) of the monomer–analyte complex can shed light on the system to be polymerized.…”

Microfluidic Setup for Simultaneous Separation and Electrochemical Determination of Hg2+ and Ag+ Ions in Water

“…The use of amperometric techniques in a hydrodynamic configuration combined with screen-printed disposable electrodes (SPE) is very attractive for the development of an on-site experimental setup. Within these, chronoamperometry combined with FIA appears suitable for automation and miniaturisation [27,28].…”