Chronophotische Studien über den Umgebungskontrast

Stigler, Robert

doi:10.1007/bf01680352

Cited by 105 publications

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“…Metacontrast decreases sharply as the distance between target and mask increases (Growney, Weisstein, 6 Cox, 1977), a property already noted in the paper where the name metacontrast was coined (Stigler, 1910). Both models also handle this variant, because the metaphotic codes interact less strongly when they are more separated in a topographic representation (Bridgeman, 1978, Simulation 3;Francis, 1997, Property 4).…”

Section: Simulating Metacontrast Commonalitiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

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A Comparison of Two Lateral Inhibitory Models of Metacontrast

Bridgeman

2001

Journal of Mathematical Psychology

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Section: Simulating Metacontrast Commonalitiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This nontrivial result occurs because the target's metaphotic activity (a term defined by Stigler, 1910, to indicate information that persists in the nervous system after stimulus offset) is quickly overwhelmed by the stronger mask activity.…”

Section: Simulating Metacontrast Commonalitiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Comparison of Two Lateral Inhibitory Models of Metacontrast

Bridgeman

2001

Journal of Mathematical Psychology

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“…The metacontrast dissociation Metacontrast was ®rst described by Stigler (1910) and has been intensively investigated in modern research (e.g., Werner, 1935;Weisstein, 1968;Breitmeyer & Ganz, 1976;Bridgeman, 1992;Neumann, 1982; for reviews, see Breitmeyer, 1984;Kahneman, 1968;Lefton, 1973;Neumann & MuÈ sseler, 1990). It is a particular type of visual backward masking that occurs when two ®gural stimuli with similar, adjacent contours are presented in rapid succession (for example, a disk followed by a ring, or a disk followed by a larger disk).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal, but not spatial, context modulates a masked prime's effect on temporal order judgment, but not on response latency

Steglich

Neumann

2000

Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung

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Three experiments investigated a dissociation originally described by Neumann, Esselmann, and Klotz. Stimuli were geometric shapes, preceded by similar shapes that were masked by metacontrast. Each experiment consisted of three parts. In the reaction time (RT) part, participants saw an array of geometric shapes, one of which was marked by bars, and had to respond to the marked shape's position by pressing an appropriate button. A prime (a similar, but smaller stimulus) preceded either the marked or an unmarked stimulus. In the temporal order judgment (TOJ) part, the task was to judge the temporal order of the marked and the unmarked stimulus. In the detection part, detectability of the prime was tested. Although its detectability was zero or close to zero, the prime affected both RT and the apparent onset as measured by TOJ. The effect on RT was significantly larger than the effect on TOJ (Exp. 1). Increasing the spatial context (number of non-target stimuli in the display) did not affect this pattern (Exp. 2). By contrast, reducing the temporal context (range of stimulus onset asynchronies) abolished the prime's effect in the TOJ task, although the prime affected RT under identical conditions. It is concluded that partially different mechanisms mediate the prime's effect in the two tasks and that the effect of stimulus context on TOJ found in the Neumann et al. study was due to temporal, not spatial context.

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“…In backward masking by light, the target is masked by a significantly larger and spatially overlapping uniform flash of light (Crawford, 1947;Sperling, 1965). Metacontrast, another type of backward masking, occurs when the mask does not overlap the target spatially (Alpern, 1953;Stigler, 1910;Werner, 1935). In backward masking by structure, the mask overlaps the target, but rather than being uniform, it shares many ofthe structural This work was supported in part by Grant ROI-MH49892 from the National Institute of Mental Health, H.G.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent models and findings in visual backward masking: A comparison, review, and update

Breitmeyer

Öğmen

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

468

359

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Visual backward masking not only is an empirically rich and theoretically interesting phenomenon but also has found increasing application as a powerful methodological tool in studies of visual information processing and as a useful instrument for investigating visual function in a variety of specific subject populations. Since the dual-channel, sustained-transient approach to visual masking was introduced about two decades ago, several new models of backward masking and metacontrast have been proposed as alternative approaches to visual masking. In this article, we outline, review, and evaluate three such approaches: an extension of the dual-channel approach as realized in the neural network model of retino-cortical dynamics (Ogmen, 1993), the perceptual retouch theory (Bachmann, 1984(Bachmann, , 1994, and the boundary contour system (Francis, 1997;Grossberg & Mingolla, 1985b). Recent psychophysical and electrophysiological findings relevant to backward masking are reviewed and, whenever possible, are related to the aforementioned models. Besides noting the positive aspects of these models, we also list their problems and suggest changes that may improve them and experiments that can empirically test them.Visual masking occurs whenever the visibility of one stimulus, called the target, is reduced by the presence of another stimulus, designated as the mask. Visual masking has been, and continues to be, a powerful psychophysical tool for investigating the steady-state properties of spatial-processing mechanisms

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Chronophotische Studien über den Umgebungskontrast

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

A Comparison of Two Lateral Inhibitory Models of Metacontrast

A Comparison of Two Lateral Inhibitory Models of Metacontrast

Temporal, but not spatial, context modulates a masked prime's effect on temporal order judgment, but not on response latency

Recent models and findings in visual backward masking: A comparison, review, and update

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