Chullpas, cámaras, tumbas y otras formas de entierros funerarios Wari

Abstract

Presentamos información de un conjunto de estructuras funerarias, identificadas y registradas en el marco de la arqueología espacial y postprocesual. Nuestro objetivo fue localizar y registrar las diferentes evidencias en las cuencas de los ríos Huarpa y Pampas, y de manera especial en el espacio que forma y rodea la ciudad de Wari, donde se ha documentado más de medio centenar de estructuras entre necrópolis, mausoleos, cámaras, tumbas, cistas, galerías, cuevas, abrigos, etc. Los datos procesados de manera parcial, conducen a determinar similitudes y diferencias en rasgos arquitectónicos que constituyen distintas formas de enterramiento, cercanos centros habitacionales, cuyos pobladores aprovecharon los recursos naturales de su entorno y, por los restos de cultura material asociados a la superficie del terreno, sostenemos que pertenecen a la época Wari, algunas aparecen reutilizadas en épocas tardías, aunque de manera general las formas de entierro indican que fueron sepulturas individuales, y múltiples de personas de distinta edad, sexo y condición social.

Social Stratification, Genealogical Distance, and State Formation in Early Hawaii and the Central Andes: Steps, Slopes, and Off-Ramps in Social Evolution

“…Urbanization also accelerated during the sixth century (Isbell 1977;Isbell and Schreiber 1978;Pérez Calderón 2001;Valdez andValdez 2017, 2021). As villages emptied, people experimented with new ideologies, living arrangements, ceremonial structures, and funerary practices in cities that now housed thousands (e.g., Cook 2012;Isbell 2004;Ochatoma Paravicino et al 2015;Pérez Calderón 2019b;Valdez et al 2002). By the end of the seventh century CE, a new living style had solidified in Ayacucho around shared ideas (Isbell 2008;, including the ayllu that brought together dozens of people around a common ancestor (also see Jennings and Berquist 2022).…”

Ayllus, Ancestors and the (Un)Making of the Wari State

“…Archaeologists have documented only a few large domestic compounds and no clearly defined neighbourhoods (Pérez Calderón 2019a, 193–4). There are also no ancestral shrines, minimal anthropomorphic depictions in art and few collective tombs (Knobloch 1976; Pérez Calderón 2019b). Although determining ayllu relationships—and those of other kinds of sodalities—can be difficult without archaeological evidence (Berquist 2021; Ibarra Asencios 2021; Lau 2002; Mantha 2009), mid-range social groupings were not as necessary for village life when only a few dozen people spent significant time together.…”

“…Many more people were now living together, facing novel social concerns in growing cities and navigating a developing countryside (Jennings 2016; Yoffee 2005). Spanning the end of the Early Intermediate Period and beginning of the Middle Horizon, the first decades of urban life at Huari and Conchopata (as well as aborted efforts at sites like Nawinpukyo) were a period of further experimentation in new ideologies, living arrangements, ceremonial structures and funerary practices (e.g, Cook 2012; Ochatoma Paravicino et al 2015; Pérez Calderón 2019b; Valdez et al 2002). This experimentation, at least in part, reflects attempts to address urbanization's collective action problems (Fig.…”