Cigarette Smoking and Free Radical Activity in Young Adults with Insulin‐dependent Diabetes

Leonard, Maureen; Lawton, K.; Watson, Ian D.; Patrick, A.W.; Walker, A. B.; MacFarlane, I. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1995.tb02061.x

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cigarette smoking has been associated with increased oxidation of RBCs and plasma although it seems that, at least, in young smokers it also activates the RBCs antioxidant mechanisms as an adaptation process to counteract the oxidant factors [40], [41]. Our findings by documenting a relatively small increase (∼20%) in the PCI and ROS accumulation in RBCs from middle aged smokers corroborate these previous reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Apolipoprotein J/Clusterin Is a Novel Structural Component of Human Erythrocytes and a Biomarker of Cellular Stress and Senescence

et al. 2011

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BackgroundSecretory Apolipoprotein J/Clusterin (sCLU) is a ubiquitously expressed chaperone that has been functionally implicated in several pathological conditions of increased oxidative injury, including aging. Nevertheless, the biological role of sCLU in red blood cells (RBCs) remained largely unknown. In the current study we identified sCLU as a component of human RBCs and we undertook a detailed analysis of its cellular topology. Moreover, we studied the erythrocytic membrane sCLU content during organismal aging, in conditions of increased organismal stress and accelerated RBCs senescence, as well as during physiological in vivo cellular senescence.Methodology/Principal FindingsBy using a combination of molecular, biochemical and high resolution microscopical methods we found that sCLU is a novel structural component of RBCs extra- and intracellular plasma membrane and cytosol. We observed that the RBCs membrane-associated sCLU decreases during organismal aging or exposure to acute stress (e.g. smoking), in patients with congenital hemolytic anemia, as well as during RBCs in vivo senescence. In all cases, sCLU reduction paralleled the expression of typical cellular senescence, redox imbalance and erythrophagocytosis markers which are also indicative of the senescence- and oxidative stress-mediated RBCs membrane vesiculation.Conclusions/SignificanceWe propose that sCLU at the mature RBCs is not a silent remnant of the erythroid precursors, but an active component being functionally implicated in the signalling mechanisms of cellular senescence and oxidative stress-responses in both healthy and diseased organism. The reduced sCLU protein levels in the RBCs membrane following cell exposure to various endogenous or exogenous stressors closely correlates to the levels of cellular senescence and redox imbalance markers, suggesting the usefulness of sCLU as a sensitive biomarker of senescence and cellular stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Apolipoprotein J/Clusterin Is a Novel Structural Component of Human Erythrocytes and a Biomarker of Cellular Stress and Senescence

et al. 2011

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“…Investigations into the degree of lipid peroxidation in smokers of nonuremic populations have yielded inconsistent results [23, 24, 25]. These differences are probably due to differences in the assays used to measure lipid peroxidation [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Alterations in Circulating Low-Molecular-Weight Antioxidants and Increased Lipid Peroxidation in Smokers on Hemodialysis

Lim

Wang²,

Lu³

et al. 2001

Nephron

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Background/Aim: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality in dialysis patients, accounting for about 40% of deaths in most large registries. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of these events. As end-stage renal disease is a state of elevated free radical activity, the aim of the present study was to investigate the negative impact of smoking in 57 male hemodialysis patients. Methods: The patients, who were 20–85 years of age (mean age 51.0 ± 14 years), had been on hemodialysis for at least 6 months before participating in this study. Fasting blood sampling for serum lipid, albumin, urate and lipophilic antioxidants such as tocopherols, carotenes, ascorbate and lipid peroxides was performed. Results: The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients who smoked compared to hemodialysis patients who were nonsmokers (1.92 ± 0.52 vs. 1.59 ± 0.42 nmol/ml, p = 0.006). No association was found between levels of MDA in smokers and parameters such as body mass index, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and smoking index. There were no significant differences in the plasma levels of uric acid, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-carotene, β-carotene and retinol between the two groups. A significantly lower level of plasma ascorbate was observed in hemodialysis patients who smoked compared to the nonsmoking hemodialysis patients or healthy controls (4.59 ± 4.0 vs. 9.57 ± 4.0 and 10.16 ± 4.6 µg/ml, p < 0.05). Moreover, in smokers, the plasma levels of ascorbate were negatively correlated with the levels of plasma MDA (r = –0.43, p < 0.001) of each patient. Partial correlation analysis of the plasma levels of the measured antioxidants and the smoking index revealed a negative correlation between the plasma levels of lipid-normalized lycopene and the smoking index (r = –0.53, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that cigarette smoking further increases plasma-circulating products of lipid peroxidation, which are already increased in nonsmoking hemodialysis patients as compared to matched healthy controls. The lower plasma levels of ascorbate in hemodialysis patients who smoke suggest that these patients may be more susceptible to oxidative tissue damage caused by smoking.

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“…Both unchanged and diminished Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes of diabetic patients have been reported and there are conflicting results regarding the influence of glycaemic control on dismutase activity (7)(8)(9). It was clearly demonstrated that erythrocyte su-! )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Lymphocytes and Polymorphonuclear Cells of Diabetic Patients

Vučić¹,

Gavella²,

Božikov³

et al. 1997

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Copper-zinc Superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase) activity was evaluated in lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells of insulin-dependent (n = 33) and non-insulin-dependent (n = 34) diabetic patients. A commercial method for the measurement of Superoxide dismutase activity was adapted for use on a discrete analyser and evaluated for interference by other antioxidants with Superoxide anion-scavenging properties. In comparison to healthy control subjects (n = 32), a significantly lower Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity was found in both lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells of insulin-dependent (2.08 ± 0.58 vs. 1.70 ± 0.46 U/mg protein, p < 0.05, and 1.06 ± 0.46 vs. 0.64 ± 0.40 U/mg protein, p < 0.001, respectively) and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (2.08 ± 0.58 vs. 1.61 ± 0.48 U/mg protein, p < 0.01, and 1.06 ± 0.46 vs. 0.53 ± 0.24 U/mg protein, p < 0.001, respectively). There was a weak, but significant negative correlation between age and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity in lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (r = -0.22 and r = -0.28, p < 0.05, respectively), whereas no influence of gender, diabetes duration and glycaemic control was observed. The results indicate that diabetes mellitus could elicit a significant disturbance in Superoxide anion-scavenging potential of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells.

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Cigarette Smoking and Free Radical Activity in Young Adults with Insulin‐dependent Diabetes

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Apolipoprotein J/Clusterin Is a Novel Structural Component of Human Erythrocytes and a Biomarker of Cellular Stress and Senescence

Apolipoprotein J/Clusterin Is a Novel Structural Component of Human Erythrocytes and a Biomarker of Cellular Stress and Senescence

Evidence for Alterations in Circulating Low-Molecular-Weight Antioxidants and Increased Lipid Peroxidation in Smokers on Hemodialysis

Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Lymphocytes and Polymorphonuclear Cells of Diabetic Patients

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