Cigarette Smoking and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

Saldías, Fernando; Díaz, Orlando

doi:10.5772/17652

Cited by 5 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…These data on heavy smokers are concordant with much of what is known of the mechanism of increased susceptibility to TB infection in smokers [3,18]. Such smoking-induced mechanisms include: 1) an impairment of mucociliary function [19,20] 2) lower airway epithelial damage and inflammation [19,21] 3) a constriction of the alveolar airsac [17,19,22] 4) an increase in the number of circulating alveolar macrophages (the cells targeted by tuberculosis) [17,23]. 5) a collapse of the bronchioles [1,24-26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Cigarette smoking and tuberculosis in Cambodia: findings from a national sample

Singh¹,

Yel²,

Kheam³

et al. 2013

Tobacco Induced Diseases

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Background: Cambodia has very high rates of tuberculosis and smoked tobacco use among adults. Efforts to control both tobacco use and tuberculosis in Cambodia need to be informed by nationally representative data. Our objective is to examine the relation between daily cigarette smoking and lifetime tuberculosis (TB) history in a national sample of adults in Cambodia. 2) a non-significant 58% increase in odds of ever having being diagnosed with TB among men who smoked manufactured cigarettes (OR = 1.58 [95% CI 0.97, 2.58]).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…5) a collapse of the bronchioles [1,24-26]. Beyond physical changes, the immune suppression from heavy smoking could also contribute to TB infection of the lung [17,19,27,28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking and tuberculosis in Cambodia: findings from a national sample

Singh¹,

Yel²,

Kheam³

et al. 2013

Tobacco Induced Diseases

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“…Long-term inhalation of tobacco smoke alters a wide range of immunological functions, resulting in significantly increased risk of heart disease, lung cancer, microbial infections and delayed recovery from these diseases [19]. Though the underlying biological mechanism is unclear, strong associations between tobacco smoking and TB have been proved in several areas [20]. Results from our study also corroborated these former reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Is Smoking a Modifiable Risk Factor for Developing Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Saad¹,

Tirkey²

2014

IOSRJDMS

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Background -India has very high rates of tuberculosis and smoked tobacco use among adults.Efforts to control both tobacco use and tuberculosis in India need to be addressed. Our objective is to examine the role of smoking as a risk factor for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods -A total of 613 TB patients frequency matched with 1226 controls were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. The associations between cigarette smoking and risk of TB were estimated by computing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) from logistic regression model. Patients' smoking behavior and patterns of smoking cessation were followed after TB diagnosis. Results -The proportion of cigarette smoking was 54.6% in TB cases, which was significantly higher than that in controls (45.1%) with adjusted OR of 1.93(95% CI: 1.51-2.48) Conclusion -Cigarette smoking was associated with lifetime TB infection and the association was most evident among the heaviest smokers (> 1 pack per day, > 30 pack years). Interventions of smoking cessation are recommended to be included in the current TB control practice.

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“…Therefore, total healthcare expenditure as the share of national Gross Domestic Product (% of GDP) including the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health which provided by World Bank Group was taken into account. Lifestyle behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption have been demonstrated to increase the burden of LRIs 80 – 82 ; accordingly, the prevalence rate of smoking and the average amount of alcohol consumption in liters per population, as provided by the World Bank Group, were controlled for in the model. Lastly, meteorological factors can trap air pollutants and further facilitate the acquisition and negative effects of respiratory diseases 83 – 86 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of lower respiratory tract infections and their association with fine particulate matter

Asri

Pan

Lee

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This study aimed to identify the spatial patterns of lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) and their association with fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) database was used to represent the burden each country experiences as a result of LRIs. PM2.5 data obtained from the Atmosphere Composition Analysis Group was assessed as the source for main exposure. Global Moran’s I and Getis-Ord Gi* were applied to identify the spatial patterns and for hotspots analysis of LRIs. A generalized linear mixed model was coupled with a sensitivity test after controlling for covariates to estimate the association between LRIs and PM2.5. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine whether LRIs and PM2.5 are correlated for various ages and geographic regions. A significant spatial auto-correlated pattern was identified for global LRIs with Moran’s Index 0.79, and the hotspots of LRIs were clustered in 35 African and 4 Eastern Mediterranean countries. A consistent significant positive association between LRIs and PM2.5 with a coefficient of 0.21 (95% CI 0.06–0.36) was identified. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed a significant effect of PM2.5 on LRI for children (0–14 years) and the elderly (≥ 70 years), and this effect was confirmed to be significant in all regions except for those comprised of Eastern Mediterranean countries.

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Cigarette Smoking and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 131 publications

Cigarette smoking and tuberculosis in Cambodia: findings from a national sample

Cigarette smoking and tuberculosis in Cambodia: findings from a national sample

Is Smoking a Modifiable Risk Factor for Developing Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Spatial patterns of lower respiratory tract infections and their association with fine particulate matter

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