Cigarette smoking and semen quality

Vine, Marilyn F.; Tse, Chiu-Kit; Hu, Ping-Chuan; Truong, Kevin

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58223-5

Cited by 162 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These problems, associated with sperm DNA damage, result in defective spermatogenesis (Agarwal et al, 2008). A signifi cant positive association has been reported between active smoking (Wong et al, 2000) and sperm DNA fragmentation (Sun et al, 1992), axonemal damage (Zavos et al, 1998) and decreased sperm count (Vine et al, 1996). Smoking results in a 48 % increase in seminal leukocyte concentrations and 107 % increase in seminal ROS levels (Aitken & West, 1990).…”

Section: Infertility Oxidative Stress and Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C and oxidative stress in the seminiferous epithelium

et al. 2011

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In this article, we focus on the fundamental role of vitamin C transporters for the normal delivery of vitamin C to germ cells in the adluminal compartment of seminiferous tubules. We argue that the redox status within spermatozoa or in semen is partly responsible for the etiology of infertility. In this context, antioxidant defence plays a critical role in male fertility. Vitamin C, a micronutrient required for a wide variety of metabolic functions, has long been associated with male reproduction. Two systems for vitamin C transport have been described in mammals. Facilitative hexose transporters (GLUTs), with 14 known isoforms to date, GLUT1-GLUT14, transport the oxidized form of vitamin C (dehydroascorbic acid) into the cells. Sodium ascorbic acid co-transporters (SVCTs), SVCT1 and SVCT2 transport the reduced form of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Sertoli cells control germ cell proliferation and differentiation through cell-cell communication and form the blood-testis barrier. Because the blood-testis barrier limits direct access of molecules from the plasma into the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule, one important question is the method by which germ cells obtain vitamin C. Some interesting results have thrown light on this matter. Expression of SVCT2 and some isoforms of GLUT transporters in the testis have previously been described. Our group has demonstrated that Sertoli cells express functionally active vitamin C transporters. Kinetic characteristics were described for both transport systems (SVCT and GLUT systems). Sertoli cells are able to transport both forms of vitamin C. These fi ndings are extremely relevant, because Sertoli cells may control the amount of vitamin C in the adluminal compartment, as well as regulating the availability of this metabolite throughout spermatogenesis.

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Section: Infertility Oxidative Stress and Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C and oxidative stress in the seminiferous epithelium

et al. 2011

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“…Endogenous factors (genetic factors and prenatal influence) have been shown to play a role, but occupational and other environmental exposures may also adversely affect sperm production in men 2) . Some studies showed that smoking is associated with lowered semen quality [12][13][14] , and impairs the secretory function of accessory sex glands in man 14) . Moreover, smokers were found to have sperm volumes significantly smaller than nonsmokers of the same age.…”

Section: Effect Of Benzene Toluene and Xylene On Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Benzene, Toluene, Xylene on the Semen Quality and the Function of Accessory Gonad of Exposed Workers.

et al. 2001

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The effects on semen and the function of accessory gonad of workers after short and long term exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylene were examined. The semen and blood of 24 married workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene were collected. Routine sperm characteristic, acrosin activity, and Lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) relative activity were detected. The results showed that benzene, toluene, and xylene were found in the blood and semen of some ex-workers at workplaces where the air concentration of benzene, toluene, and xylene exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). No such solvents were detected in the blood and semen of workers of the control group. The sperm vitality and sperm motility decreased in the exposed workers. The mean acrosin activity, γ γ γ γ γ-GT activity and LDH-C4 relative activity in the exposed workers were lower, and fructose concentration was higher than those in the control. There were negative correlations between sperm vitality, sperm activity, acrosin activity, or LDH-C4 relative activity and working history. These results suggest that the mixture of these solvents could affect the sperm and the function of accessory gonad. This might be one reason of the abnormal pregnancy outcome among the wives of workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene.

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“…That there is a well-established association between cigarette smoking and lowered semen quality [42] has led to the hypothesis that exposure to toxicants in cigarette smoke, including cadmium (Cd2+), could exacerbate the effects of varicocele in smokers, leading to infertility. In fact, researchers have not only reported elevated Cd2+ levels in the testes [43], testicular veins [44], and seminal fluid [45] of men with varicocele, but have also found that Cd2+ levels predict impaired testicular function in men with varicocele Fig.…”

Section: Exogenous Toxicantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms involved in varicocele-associated infertility

Sheehan

Ramasamy

Lamb

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Varicocele is a pathologic enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus within the spermatic cord, a condition that is a common cause of impaired sperm production and decreased quality of sperm. While varicocele is the most common surgically correctable risk factor for male infertility, not all males with varicocele experience infertility. In fact, most men with varicocele have normal spermatogenesis. Despite its prevalence, the molecular mechanisms of varicocele and its effect on testicular function are yet to be completely understood. We postulate that men with varicocele-associated infertility could have preexisting genetic lesions or defects in molecular mechanisms that make them more susceptible to varicocelemediated testicular injury affecting spermatogenesis.

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Cigarette smoking and semen quality

Cited by 162 publications

References 15 publications

Vitamin C and oxidative stress in the seminiferous epithelium

Vitamin C and oxidative stress in the seminiferous epithelium

Effect of Benzene, Toluene, Xylene on the Semen Quality and the Function of Accessory Gonad of Exposed Workers.

Molecular mechanisms involved in varicocele-associated infertility

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