Cigarette smoking and the risk of female reproductive cancer

Stockwell, Heather; Lyman, GH

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(88)90395-5

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Although the results of 7 hospital‐based26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 4 screening‐based31, 33, 34, 35 studies are mixed, they generally are not inconsistent with our own findings. Only one of these studies examined smoking of 40 cigarettes/day or more28 and found a 30% increased risk among high‐intensity smokers compared to never‐smokers. Similarly, only one of these studies examined smoking of 40 years' duration or longer,27 finding a 70% increased risk associated with smoking of long duration (limited to smokers of 25 cigarettes/day or more).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: A long latency period?

Terry

Miller

Rohan

2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk remains unclear. Few studies have examined cigarette smoking of very long duration as there may not have been a sufficient number of long-term smokers in studies conducted before the 1980s. Therefore, we examined the association between smoking and breast cancer risk using data from participants in a randomized controlled trial of screening for breast cancer involving 89,835 women aged 40 -59 years at recruitment and with up to 40 years of smoking duration at that time. Women with breast cancer diagnosed through 31 December 1993 were identified by linkage to the Canadian Cancer Database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During an average of 10.6 years of follow-up, we observed 2,552 incident cases of breast cancer. We found a positive association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk, driven mainly by women who had smoked for several decades and who, therefore, had commenced smoking many years earlier. Relative to never-smokers, women who had smoked 40 years or more and 20 cigarettes/day or more were at the highest risk (RR ‫؍‬ 1.83, 95% CI 1.29 -2.61); for women who had commenced smoking 40 years or more before assessment (a measure of smoking latency rather than duration and intensity), the RR was 1.22 (95% CI 0.99 -1.59). Our findings suggest that smoking of very long duration and high intensity may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: A long latency period?

Terry

Miller

Rohan

2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Though one needs to bear in mind that the corresponding confidence intervals were large, these point estimates are possibly not in line with the majority of previous studies, which generally indicated that a high smoking intensity (e.g., smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day) is associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer [17, 22, 28, 29, 45, 47, 48, 51]. This inconsistency could be explained by the lack of adjustment for other smoking variables in earlier studies: only one [29] out of six [22, 25–29] prospective cohort studies has adjusted its smoking frequency estimates for the potentially confounding effects of smoking duration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and endometrial cancer risk: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study

Loerbroks

Schouten

Goldbohm³

et al. 2007

Cancer Causes Control

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Objective To examine the association between alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and endometrial cancer. Methods In 1986, the Netherlands Cohort Study was initiated. A self-administered questionnaire on dietary habits and other cancer risk factors was completed by 62,573 women. Follow-up for cancer was established by record linkage to the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Results After 11.3-years of follow-up, 280 incident endometrial cancer cases were available for analyses. In multivariate analysis, the rate ratio (RR) for alcohol users versus non-users was 1.06 (95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) = 0.78-1.43). There were neither dose-dependent trends nor associations with different types of beverages. The RR for former and current smokers versus neversmokers was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.58-1.20) and 0.59 (95% CI = 0.40-0.88), respectively. These estimates did not change significantly when body mass index (BMI) and age at menopause were added to the models. Conclusions There is no association between alcohol consumption and endometrial cancer. Current smoking is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. This association is neither mediated by BMI nor by age at menopause.

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“…A strong effect of smoking on ovarian cancer risk is unlikely as few studies have shown an association [108, 190] and most studies were null [191–195]. Recent interest in separating histological types of ovarian cancer has prompted researchers to report associations separately.…”

Section: Ovarian Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use and cancer causation: association by tumour type

Kuper

Boffetta

Adami

2002

Journal of Internal Medicine

230

149

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In the second part of our review we describe the association between tobacco use and risk of specific cancer types. There is evidence for an established association of tobacco use with cancer of the lung and larynx, head and neck, bladder, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach and kidney. In contrast, endometrial cancer is less common in women who smoke cigarettes. There are some data suggesting that tobacco use increases the risk for myeloid leukaemia, squamous cell sinonasal cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer after an extended latency, childhood cancers and cancer of the gall bladder, adrenal gland and small intestine. Other forms of cancer, including breast, ovarian and prostate cancer, are unlikely to be linked to tobacco use.

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Cigarette smoking and the risk of female reproductive cancer

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: A long latency period?

Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: A long latency period?

Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and endometrial cancer risk: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study

Tobacco use and cancer causation: association by tumour type

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