Cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, other risk behaviors, and American youth

Merrill, Jeffrey C.; Kleber, Herbert D.; Shwartz, Michael; Luan, Hong; Lewis, Susan R.

doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00034-4

Cited by 84 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Age of first use of a specific substance was obtained from questions: 'At what age did you first try substance x?' Early onset of legal substance use was defined as use before 13 and cannabis use before 16 [18,20,22,[30][31][32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas several empirical and theoretical articles focus on the risk factor early onset of substance use with regard to cigarettes [17], alcohol [18,19], and cannabis [20][21][22], only a few cover this topic in the context of dance drugs [15,[23][24][25]. These studies provide evidence for the predictive validity of early drug use for lifetime drug-related problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Early Onset of Cigarette, Alcohol and Cannabis Use and Later Drug Use Patterns: An Analysis of a Survey in European Metropolises

Baumeister

Tossmann²

2005

Eur Addict Res

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Objectives: The study presents data about age of onset of alcohol, cigarette and cannabis use and investigates the association between age of onset and later drug use patterns. Methods: Using a sample from a cross-sectional multi-site study, personal interviews were conducted with 3,503 individuals aged 12–49 years. Last-month prevalence, age of onset and associations with subsequent use patterns were investigated. Results: Having started with cannabis before the age of 16 years was associated with an odds ratio of 1.6 for heavy cannabis use. For males, the odds ratio of heavy cannabis use was 1.7, when cannabis was already initiated by the age of 16. Heavy use of ecstasy, amphetamines, hallucinogens and cocaine is associated with use of cigarettes before 13 (OR = 1.9). For males, the odds ratio was 2.2 and for women 1.9. Conclusions: Early use of alcohol, according to this data, does not seem to be related to subsequent heavy drug use. Early onset cannabis users show increasing probabilities of heavy use patterns. Preventive intervention programs have to start earlier than school-based programs normally do and specific developmental pathways need to be addressed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Early Onset of Cigarette, Alcohol and Cannabis Use and Later Drug Use Patterns: An Analysis of a Survey in European Metropolises

Baumeister

Tossmann²

2005

Eur Addict Res

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“…Participants were grouped into three categories of substance use intensity-nonusers, experimental/new users, and nonexperimental users-based on past research that defi nes experimental/new users as those who report one to nine lifetime substance uses and nonexperimental users as those with 10 or more lifetime substance uses modeled after research that has used similar thresholds (Gil et al, 2004;Merrill et al, 1999). Intensity of alcohol use was measured by the item, "During your life, on how many days have you had at least one drink of alcohol?"…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance Use and the Risk for Sexual Intercourse With and Without a History of Teenage Pregnancy Among Adolescent Females

Cavazos‐Rehg

Krauss²,

Spitznagel³

et al. 2011

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: The present study examined the associations between initiation and intensity of substance use and with sexual experience with and without a history of teenage pregnancy. Method: Participants were high school females (weighted n = 3,451) who participated in the 1999-2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, a crosssectional, nationally representative survey. Multinomial multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the likelihood of being sexually experienced (but never pregnant) and teenage pregnancy (reference group: never had sexual intercourse) as a function of age at substance use initiation (i.e., age 12 or younger, 13-14 years of age, and age 15 or older) and intensity of substance use (i.e., nonuser, experimental/ new or nondaily, nonexperimental/daily user) for alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana, while controlling for race/ethnicity, metropolitan location, symptoms of depression, and illegal drug availability at school. Results:A major fi nding of our study is that substance use behaviors across each substance (alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana) independently contributed to an increased risk in sexual intercourse experience with and without a history of teenage pregnancy (vs. nonsexually experienced females). A dose-response relationship was also observed between an increased likelihood of a teenage pregnancy and marijuana behaviors. Furthermore, the risk for teenage pregnancy was compounded for daily cigarette smokers who initiated use at age 12 or younger. Conclusions: Screening substance use behaviors can help to identify girls who may benefi t from pregnancy prevention strategies. Targeting cigarette and marijuana behaviors as early as age 12 or younger may provide an added benefi t. Prevention strategies should also consider the role of race above and beyond substance use behaviors. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 72,

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“…Increased use of cigarettes and alcohol among younger adolescents often leads to greater use of marijuana, leading, in turn, to subsequent use of other drugs such as cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens. Early drinking and smoking seem to be significant predictors of later drug use among adolescents~Merrill, Kleber, Shwartz, Liu, & Lewis, 1999!. National data on adolescent drug use indicates that 81% of high school students had at least one drink of alcohol in their lifetime, and that 10th to 12th graders, males and Latinos were more likely to use alcohol than younger students, females, and African American or White students~Kann et al, 2000!. Half of all students had one or more drinks within the previous month, with patterns similar to those described above in relationship to age, gender, and ethnicity.…”

Section: Gender and Drug Use Among Ethnically Diverse Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender identity, ethnicity, acculturation, and drug use: Exploring differences among adolescents in the Southwest

Kulis

Marsiglia

Hurdle

2003

Journal Community Psychology

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This article presents the findings of a survey completed by 1351 predominantly Mexican American middle school students residing in a large urban center in the U.S. Southwest. The study explores possible associations between drug use attitudes and behaviors and gender (biological sex), gender identity, ethnicity, and acculturation status. Based on the concepts of "machismo" and "marianismo" that have been used to describe Mexican populations, four dimensions of gender identity were measured: aggressive masculinity, assertive masculinity, affective femininity, and submissive femininity. In explaining a variety of indicators of drug use behaviors and anti-drug norms, gender alone had limited explanatory power, while gender identity-often regardless of gender-was a better predictor. Aggressive masculinity was generally associated with higher risk of drug use, while the other three gender identity measures had selected protective effects. However, the impact of gender identity was strongly mediated by acculturation. Less acculturated Mexican American students reported lower aggressive masculinity scores than non-Latinos. Less acculturated Mexican American girls reported both the lowest aggressive masculinity scores and the highest submissive femininity scores. More acculturated Mexican American students, along with the less acculturated Mexican American boys, did not appear to be following a polarized approach to gender identity (machismo and marianismo) as was expected. The findings suggest that some aspects of culturally prescribed gender roles can have a protective effect against drug use behaviors and attitudes, possibly for both girls and boys.

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Cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, other risk behaviors, and American youth

Cited by 84 publications

References 16 publications

Association between Early Onset of Cigarette, Alcohol and Cannabis Use and Later Drug Use Patterns: An Analysis of a Survey in European Metropolises

Association between Early Onset of Cigarette, Alcohol and Cannabis Use and Later Drug Use Patterns: An Analysis of a Survey in European Metropolises

Substance Use and the Risk for Sexual Intercourse With and Without a History of Teenage Pregnancy Among Adolescent Females

Gender identity, ethnicity, acculturation, and drug use: Exploring differences among adolescents in the Southwest

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