Ciliation and gene expression distinguish between node and posterior notochord in the mammalian embryo

Blum, Martin; André, Philipp; Muders, K.; Schweickert, Axel; Fischer, Anja; Bitzer, Eva; Bogusch, Susanne; Beyer, Tina; Straaten, H. W. M. van; Viebahn, Christoph

doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00124.x

Cited by 113 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…The rabbit has previously proven to be a useful second mammalian system for studying axis formation, because unlike mouse with its atypical cup-shaped egg cylinder embryos develop via a flat blastodisc and thus represent the prototype mammalian mode of development (Viebahn et al, 1995Knoetgen et al, 2000;Fischer et al, 2002;Idkowiak et al, 2004;Blum et al, 2006). A cilia-driven fluid flow has previously been observed in rabbit as well (Okada et al, 2005, and our unpublished observations).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…We have previously shown that this bilaminar epithelium does not correspond to the organizer or Hensen's node (Blum et al, 2006). Located in between the primitive streak and the notochordal plate it is continuous with the notochordal plate and represents its posterior-most aspect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Expression patterns were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization of defined embryonic stages (for staging, see Blum et al, 2006). Two transcription factors involved in the control of ciliary gene expression were analyzed.…”

Section: Ciliary Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Located in between the primitive streak and the notochordal plate it is continuous with the notochordal plate and represents its posterior-most aspect. We, therefore, termed this structure, which is bordered by bilateral nodal expression, the posterior notochord (PNC; Blum et al, 2006). The 9ϩ0 axonemes of PNC cilia are indeed motile (Sulik et al, 1994), but probably due to the lack of a regulatory CP, they show a conical rotation rather than planar beating (Nonaka et al, 1998(Nonaka et al, , 2005Okada et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three types of cilia including a novel 9+4 axoneme on the notochordal plate of the rabbit embryo

Feistel

Blum

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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Motile monocilia play a pivotal role in left-right axis determination in mouse and zebrafish embryos. Cilia with 9؉0 axonemes localize to the distal indentation of the mouse egg cylinder ("node"), while Kupffer's vesicle cilia in zebrafish show 9؉2 arrangements. Here we studied cilia in a prototype mammalian embryo, the rabbit, which develops via a flat blastodisc. Transcription of ciliary marker genes

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Ciliary Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three types of cilia including a novel 9+4 axoneme on the notochordal plate of the rabbit embryo

Feistel

Blum

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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“…In fact, the data clearly indicate that studies of mice drew conclusions that were quantifiably different in almost every way from studies using other animals. This striking finding suggests that the mechanisms used by the mouse to orient the LR axis, which involve cilia, may be divergent from the mechanisms used by other animals, which may include cilia-independent, early mechanisms of orienting the LR axis; other mammals appear to establish the LR axis without developing a structure that resembles the mouse node (Blum et al, 2007) or without cilia altogether (Gros et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Laterality defects are influenced by timing of treatments and animal model

Vandenberg

2012

Differentiation

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The timing of when the embryonic left-right (LR) axis is first established and the mechanisms driving this process are subjects of strong debate. While groups have focused on the role of cilia in establishing the LR axis during gastrula and neurula stages, many animals appear to orient the LR axis prior to the appearance of, or without the benefit of, motile cilia. Because of the large amount of data available in the published literature and the similarities in the type of data collected across labs, I have examined relationships between the studies that do and do not implicate cilia, the choice of animal model, the kinds of LR patterning defects observed, and the penetrance of LR phenotypes. I found that treatments affecting cilia structure and motility had a higher penetrance for both altered gene expression and improper organ placement compared to treatments that affect processes in early cleavage stage embryos. I also found differences in penetrance that could be attributed to the animal models used; the mouse is highly prone to LR randomization. Additionally, the data were examined to address whether gene expression can be used to predict randomized organ placement. Using regression analysis, gene expression was found to be predictive of organ placement in frogs, but much less so in the other animals examined. Together, these results challenge previous ideas about the conservation of LR mechanisms, with the mouse model being significantly different from fish, frogs and chick in almost every aspect examined. Additionally, this analysis indicates that there may be missing pieces in the molecular pathways that dictate how genetic information becomes organ positional information in vertebrates; these gaps will be important for future studies to identify, as LR asymmetry is not only a fundamentally fascinating aspect of development but also of considerable biomedical importance.

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Wnt Signaling in Development and Disease

2014

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Cell signaling mediated by morphogens is essential to coordinate growth and patterning, two key processes that govern the formation of a complex multi-cellular organism. During growth and patterning, cells are specified by both quantitative and directional information. While quantitative information regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, directional information is conveyed in the form of cell polarities instructed by local and global cues. Major morphogens like Wnts play critical roles in embryonic development and they are also important in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Abnormal regulation of these signaling events leads to a diverse array of devastating diseases including cancer. Wnts transduce their signals through several distinct pathways and they regulate vertebrate embryonic development by providing both quantitative and directional information. Here, taking the developing skeletal system as an example, we review our work on Wnt signaling pathways in various aspects of development. We focus particularly on our most recent findings that showed that in vertebrates, Wnt5a acts as a global cue to establishing planar cell polarity (PCP). Our work suggests that Wnt morphogens regulate development by integrating quantitative and directional information. Our work also provides important insights in disease like Robinow syndrome, brachydactyly type B1 (BDB1) and spina bifida, which can be caused by human mutations in the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway.

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Ciliation and gene expression distinguish between node and posterior notochord in the mammalian embryo

Cited by 113 publications

References 69 publications

Three types of cilia including a novel 9+4 axoneme on the notochordal plate of the rabbit embryo

Three types of cilia including a novel 9+4 axoneme on the notochordal plate of the rabbit embryo

Laterality defects are influenced by timing of treatments and animal model

Wnt Signaling in Development and Disease

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