Circadian Changes in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and the Relationship with Circulatory Factors in Healthy Subjects

Usui, Shinichi; Ikuno, Yasushi; Akïba, Masahiro; Maruko, Ichiro; Sekiryu, Tetsuju; Nishida, Kohji; Iida, Tomohiro

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8383

Cited by 331 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…31,32 The OCT examinations in our study were performed at the same time of the day (1000-1200 hours), or that it may be unlikely to be a potential bias in our study. The last major limitation of this study is the fact that the choroidal thickness measurements had to be performed manually, which remains a potential cause for interobserver bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

Zengin

Karahan

Yılmaz

et al. 2014

Eye

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

Zengin

Karahan

Yılmaz

et al. 2014

Eye

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“…We have also confirmed Many ocular parameters (e.g. corneal thickness and curvature, choroidal thickness and intraocular pressure) undergo diurnal variations, exhibiting cyclic variations in their dimensions over the course of the 24-hour light/dark cycle (Kiely et al, 1982;Harper et al, 1996;Liu et al, 1998;Read et al, 2005;Wilson et al, 2006;Read et al, 2008Read et al, , 2009Usui et al, 2012). Axial length is the primary biometric determinant of refractive error, and is also well-documented in the human eye to exhibit significant diurnal variations, with a peak in axial length typically observed during the day and a trough observed at night (Stone et al, 2004;Wilson et al, 2006;Read et al, 2008).…”

Section: Seasonal Variation In Longitudinal Axial Length Changes and supporting

confidence: 67%

“…In a 24-hour diurnal study, Usui et al (2012) reported that the 32 Chapter 1: Literature review choroid is thinnest in the evening at 6 pm and thickest during the night at 3 am. Macular choroidal volume was also reported to undergo significant diurnal variation over 24 hours with its volume being highest at 3 am and lowest at midday (Seidel et al, 2015).…”

Section: Diurnal Ocular Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Light Exposure and Seasonal Changes on Short-Term and Longer-Term Changes in Axial Length of the Human Eye

Ulaganathan¹

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It is widely accepted that environmental factors play a significant role in regulating eye growth and myopia development. There is also considerable evidence that ambient light exposure is an important environmental risk factor associated with eye growth in children, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, animal studies have shown that diurnal variations in ocular components appear to be involved in the mechanisms controlling eye growth. Animal studies also suggest that altering light exposure disrupts normal diurnal variations and can lead to the development of refractive errors. Despite this evidence, the exact role of light exposure and ocular diurnal rhythms in the regulation of human eye growth, and the interaction between these factors is not well understood. Myopia development and progression have been widely documented in young adults and typically occurs due to axial elongation, but there has been limited research examining the potential impact of ambient light exposure upon eye growth and myopia development and progression in young adults.Therefore, this research examined the habitual light exposure patterns in a population of young adult emmetropes and progressing myopes using objective techniques, and assessed the influence of light exposure upon daily axial length variations and longitudinal axial eye growth in this population. The potential association between daily axial length fluctuations and longer-term changes in axial length was also explored.Since there is no consensus on the optimal sampling strategy required for capturing personal objective light exposure measurements, in the first study, we systematically examined the impact of different measurement durations and measurement frequencies upon objective light exposure measures, in order to determine the optimal sampling strategy to reliably capture habitual light exposure patterns of both children (Age: 11 to vi The influence of light exposure and seasons upon the axial length changes in humans 15 years) and young adults (Age: 18 to 30 years). Ambient light exposure data were obtained using a wrist-worn light sensor (Actiwatch 2), which was configured to measure instantaneous light levels every 30 seconds, 24 hours a day for a period of 14 consecutive days in children (n = 30) and young adults (n = 31). Daily time exposed to bright outdoor (>1000 lux) light levels was derived from the raw 14 days of data with 30 second sampling, and was subsequently derived from data re-sampled from 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 and 2 randomly selected measurement days using 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 minute sampling rates. Calculating daily outdoor light exposure time using a lower number of days and coarser sampling frequencies did not significantly alter the mean time spent in bright (outdoor) light. However, a significant increase in measurement variability occurred for outdoor light exposure derived from less than 8 days and from 3 minutes or coarser measurement frequencies in adults, and from less than 8 days and from 4 minutes or coarser...

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“…In that study, they show that diurnal variations of CT might be as high as 65 lm (range 8-65 lm) [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Subfoveal choroidal thickness in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy after switching to intravitreal aflibercept injection

2016

Jpn J Ophthalmol

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We have read and reviewed the article entitled as ''Subfoveal choroidal thickness in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy after switching to intravitreal aflibercept injection'' by Saito et al. with interest [1]. The authors state that the choroidal thickness (CT) significantly decreased after switching to intravitreal aflibercept injection in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) refractory to ranibizumab. Intravitreal aflibercept (2 mg/0.05 ml) injections were administered for three consecutive months, including a loading dose followed by further injections in the following 2 months. The authors found significant reductions in subfoveal CT (from 203 to 171 lm), and in central retinal thickness (from 249 to 161 lm) at month 6. We would like to ask for further details, and contribute to the article.We wonder whether the authors considered some additional important parameters when obtaining optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. Of note, CT has a significant diurnal variation [2, 3, 4]. The choroid could increase its thickness by 50 % in an hour, and quadruple its thickness in a few days [2]. Kee et al. demonstrate that the choroid could thin very rapidly, by about 100 lm in 3-4 h in young chicks [3]. Tan et al. measured CT in humans at 2-h intervals between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM, and determined significant differences in CT among all measurement points [4]. Tan et al. found mean diurnal amplitude of CT as 33.7 ± 21.5 lm (range 3-67 lm).Usui et al. evaluated subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in healthy subjects, and measured SFCT every 3 h over a 24-h period. In that study, they show that diurnal variations of CT might be as high as 65 lm (range 8-65 lm) [5].Therefore, a significant effect of physiological fluctuation on test measurement results and statistical analyses should be expected when assessing CT measurements. We suggest performing OCT measurements along with preoperative and postoperative follow-up examinations at set times, and at certain time periods of the day.Additionally, various local or systemic physiological/pathological conditions affect CT [2]. We are curious whether the authors analyzed the participants of this study for systemic diseases, medication history and body mass index, as well as for sleeping and exercise status, consuming alcohol and beverages with or without caffeine before OCT tests. We also wonder what were the systemic blood pressure measurement results.Finally, the participants of this study are elderly (mean age 75.7 ± 5.8 years, range 60-88 years). Since various systemic or local diseases, and medications may have significant effects on CT, we wonder what were the systemic disease statuses and medication history of the patients [2]. All those factors may significantly have affected the results of the study and statistical analysis. We suggest that the authors should consider and mention all those parameters in the study. Sincerely,

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Circadian Changes in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and the Relationship with Circulatory Factors in Healthy Subjects

Cited by 331 publications

References 41 publications

Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

The Influence of Light Exposure and Seasonal Changes on Short-Term and Longer-Term Changes in Axial Length of the Human Eye

Subfoveal choroidal thickness in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy after switching to intravitreal aflibercept injection

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