Circadian locomotor activity rhythms and their entrainment to light-dark cycles continue in flies (Calliphora vicina) surgically deprived of their optic lobes

Cymborowski, B.; Lewis, R.D.; Hong, Seau-Feng; Saunders, D. S.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(94)90123-6

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This suggests that the circadian oscillator controlling locomotor activity is in the central brain, and that entraining light reaches this oscillator by direct access through the brain tissues. On the other hand, Cymborowski et al (1994) also observed that unoperated or sham operated flies frequently showed some locomotor activity after the end of the entraining light phase which was absent in lobectomised flies. The increased activity immediately following light off in control flies and its absence in lobectomised flies suggests that this activity is a direct or "masking" effect of light via the eyes and optic lobes, similar to that described for the eclosion rhythm in the silkmoth Hyalophora cecropia (Truman, 1972).…”

Section: Exogenous and Endogenous Effects Of Ll On Locomotor Rhythmicmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In an earlier paper (Cymborowski et al, 1994) it was shown that bilateral optic lobectomy, which effectively isolates the compound eyes from the brain, left the phenomenon of entrainment intact. This suggests that the circadian oscillator controlling locomotor activity is in the central brain, and that entraining light reaches this oscillator by direct access through the brain tissues.…”

Section: Exogenous and Endogenous Effects Of Ll On Locomotor Rhythmicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light-induced behavioural effects on the locomotor activity rhythm of the blow fly, Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Saunders¹,

Cymborowski²

2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Under continuous light (LL) of low intensity (up to 2.0 lux), the free-running period of the blow fly activity rhythm lengthened for flies whose initial DD was less than about 25 h, but shortened for longer-period flies. Light intensity above about 2.0 lux led to an overt behavioural arrhythmicity. A comparison of phases of the oscillation after LL as a function of phases before LL, however, indicated that the oscillation continued its motion even though overt behaviour was arrhythmic. As the intensity during LL increased to 48 lux, phases after LL became centred on a narrow range close to CT 12. Extended periods of brighter light are considered to have two effects: (a) an exogenous "masking" effect occurring at intensities greater than about 2.0 lux, and (b) at intensities between about 2.0 and 48 lux, a gradual resetting of the covert oscillator to CT 12. Between 2.0 and 48 lux, therefore, the circadian oscillation governing locomotor activity in C. vicina continues its motion despite the superficial arrhythmicity in behaviour.

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Section: Exogenous and Endogenous Effects Of Ll On Locomotor Rhythmicmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Exogenous and Endogenous Effects Of Ll On Locomotor Rhythmicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-induced behavioural effects on the locomotor activity rhythm of the blow fly, Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Saunders¹,

Cymborowski²

2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…Microsurgery involving cuts between the optic lobes and the brain, or complete bilateral lobectomy, leaves the free-running rhythm and its photic entrainment virtually unaltered (Cymborowski et al, 1994), demonstrating that the compound eyes are not the only relevant photoreceptors and that the clock is not in the optic lobes (as in cockroaches, see Page, 1984). The brain of C. vicina thus emerges as a likely site for both clock and the &dquo;extra-retinal&dquo; photoreceptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Apart from major neuropil areas within the optic lobes, and a prominent group of neurons in the ventral part of the optic lobe, all of which may be eliminated as putative photoreceptors because the optic lobes are unessential for entrainment (Cymborowski et al, 1994), positive S-antigen immunoreactivity was found in four distinct bilaterally arranged groups of neurons in the proto-, deuto-, and tritocerebrum of the fly's brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-Antigen Antibody Partially Blocks Entrainment and the Effects of Constant Light on the Circadian Rhythm of Locomotor Activity in the Adult Blow Fly, Calliphora vicina

et al. 1996

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Injection of S-antigen (arrestin) antibody into the brain of the blow fly, Calliphora vicina, appeared to reduce sensitivity to the photic effects of a light:dark cycle (LD; entrainment) or continuous "bright" light (LL; arrhythmicity). In LD, a proportion of the injected flies evaded entrainment or showed delayed entrainment. In bright LL, flies continued with a free-running rhythm, which remained unchanged (as in continuous darkness) or lengthened (as in "dim" LL). These results focus attention on four groups of arrestin-positive neurons in the fly's brain as potential components of the photoreceptive system.

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“…In Diptera other than D. melanogaster, analyses of the effects of microsurgery on the locomotor activity rhythm of the blowfly Calliphora vicina, inferred to arise from extraocular photoreceptors in the central brain, are relevant to the entrainment of circadian rhythms (Cymborowski et al, 1994). Arrestin-like immunoreactivity, which is considered to be a marker for retinal and extraretinal photoreceptors, has been detected in numerous cell bodies and fibers in the brain and optic lobe in C. vicina (Cymborowski and Korf, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic connections between eyelet photoreceptors and pigment dispersing factor‐immunoreactive neurons of the blowfly Protophormia terraenovae

Yasuyama

Okada

Hamanaka

et al. 2005

J of Comparative Neurology

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Studies using various mutants of Drosophila melanogaster bearing defects in their visual system, including those of the retinal and extraretinal photoreceptor systems, have indicated that the extraretinal photoreceptor known as the Hofbauer-Buchner (H-B) eyelet plays an active, if subsidiary, role in the entrainment of circadian rhythms. In the present study, in the context of unraveling the function of extraretinal photoreception on circadian rhythms and photoperiodic responses, we searched for extraretinal photoreceptors in the blowfly, Protophormia terraenovae, and found that this fly has a homolog of the H-B eyelet. In addition, we show morphologically direct synaptic connections between the eyelet of P. terraenovae (called here Pt-eyelet, after the species' name) and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-immunoreactive neurons, which are putative circadian pacemaker neurons, by immunogold electron microscopy combined with intracellular dye injection. The Pt-eyelet was found to reside in the middle of the posterior surface of the optic lobe between the retina and the lamina, as does the H-B eyelet. This extraretinal photoreceptor was composed of at least four photoreceptor cells equipped with well-organized microvillar rhabdomeres. Rhodopsin 6-like immunoreactivity and also the response to light stimuli clearly showed the Pt-eyelet to be functional. The Pt-eyelet terminals in the accessory medulla exhibited synaptic bouton-like appearances and formed divergent multiple-contact output synapses. Synaptic contacts from the Pt-eyelet terminal to the PDF-immunoreactive neurons were identified by the presence of presynaptic ribbons and accumulated synaptic vesicles. Their possible function is discussed in relation to previous studies on circadian rhythm and photoperiodic response of P. terraenovae.

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Circadian locomotor activity rhythms and their entrainment to light-dark cycles continue in flies (Calliphora vicina) surgically deprived of their optic lobes

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Light-induced behavioural effects on the locomotor activity rhythm of the blow fly, Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Light-induced behavioural effects on the locomotor activity rhythm of the blow fly, Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

S-Antigen Antibody Partially Blocks Entrainment and the Effects of Constant Light on the Circadian Rhythm of Locomotor Activity in the Adult Blow Fly, Calliphora vicina

Synaptic connections between eyelet photoreceptors and pigment dispersing factor‐immunoreactive neurons of the blowfly Protophormia terraenovae

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