Circadian misalignment in major depressive disorder

Emens, Jonathan S.; Lewy, Alfred J.; Kinzie, John Mark; Arntz, Diana; Rough, Jennifer N.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.009

Cited by 223 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although the interactions and causes still need to be elucidated, a strong relationship between the circadian clock and mood and sleep disorders is beyond doubt. Yet, if many of our participating shift-workers were affected by one or more disorders, the validations for sleep duration and timing should have shown differences to those of the general population, which was not the case (note that mood disorders suggest a phase delay in such patients; e.g., Emens et al, 2009). Future studies examining the interactions between mood, shiftwork, and sleep may provide further insights by including the MCTQ Shift .…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shift-Workers (MCTQ^Shift)

Juda¹,

Vetter²,

Roenneberg³

2013

J Biol Rhythms

157

109

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Sleep is systematically modulated by chronotype in day-workers. Therefore, investigations into how shift-work affects sleep, health, and cognition may provide more reliable insights if they consider individual circadian time (chronotype). The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) is a useful tool for determining chronotype. It assesses chronotype based on sleep behavior, specifically on the local time of mid-sleep on free days corrected for sleep debt accumulated over the workweek (MSF sc ). Because the original MCTQ addresses people working standard hours, we developed an extended version that accommodates shift-work (MCTQ Shift ). We first present the validation of this new version with daily sleep logs (n = 52) and actimetry (n = 27). Next, we evaluated 371 MCTQ Shift entries of shift-workers (rotating through 8-h shifts starting at 0600 h, 1400 h, and 2200 h). Our results support experimental findings showing that sleep is difficult to initiate and to maintain under the constraints of shift-work. Sleep times are remarkably stable on free days (on average between midnight and 0900 h), so that chronotype of shift-workers can be assessed by means of MSF-similar to that of day-workers. Sleep times on free-days are, however, slightly influenced by the preceding shift (displacements <1 h), which are smallest after evening shifts. We therefore chose this shift-specific mid-sleep time (MSF E ) to assess chronotype in shift-workers. The distribution of MSF E in our sample is identical to that of MSF in day-workers. We propose conversion algorithms for chronotyping shift-workers whose schedules do not include free days after evening shifts.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shift-Workers (MCTQ^Shift)

Juda¹,

Vetter²,

Roenneberg³

2013

J Biol Rhythms

157

109

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“…Recently, disrupted rhythms are observed in psychiatric disorders, including depression (Emens et al, 2009). Association of Clock gene and major depressive disorder has also been suggested (Germain and Kupfer, 2008).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forkhead box O transcription factors as possible mediators in the development of major depression

et al. 2015

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“…An example of this is seasonal affective disorder, also known as "winter depression," which is among the most common mood disorders, with a reported prevalence of 1.5-9%, depending on latitude (2). In addition, shift work has been suggested as a risk factor for major depressive disorder (3), and depression severity correlates with the degree of circadian misalignment (4,5). A number of genetic variants in core clock genes have been reported as statistically associated with mood disorders, including seasonal affective disorder and major depressive disorder (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), but to date none has been causally related with an understanding of specific molecular links.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A PERIOD3 variant causes a circadian phenotype and is associated with a seasonal mood trait

Zhang

Hirano

Hsu

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

134

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In humans, the connection between sleep and mood has long been recognized, although direct molecular evidence is lacking. We identified two rare variants in the circadian clock gene PERIOD3 (PER3-P415A/H417R) in humans with familial advanced sleep phase accompanied by higher Beck Depression Inventory and seasonality scores. hPER3-P415A/H417R transgenic mice showed an altered circadian period under constant light and exhibited phase shifts of the sleep-wake cycle in a short light period (photoperiod) paradigm. Molecular characterization revealed that the rare variants destabilized PER3 and failed to stabilize PERIOD1/2 proteins, which play critical roles in circadian timing. Although hPER3-P415A/H417R-Tg mice showed a mild depression-like phenotype, Per3 knockout mice demonstrated consistent depression-like behavior, particularly when studied under a short photoperiod, supporting a possible role for PER3 in mood regulation. These findings suggest that PER3 may be a nexus for sleep and mood regulation while fine-tuning these processes to adapt to seasonal changes. I n human populations, alterations in circadian timing can result in mood-related problems (1). An example of this is seasonal affective disorder, also known as "winter depression," which is among the most common mood disorders, with a reported prevalence of 1.5-9%, depending on latitude (2). In addition, shift work has been suggested as a risk factor for major depressive disorder (3), and depression severity correlates with the degree of circadian misalignment (4, 5). A number of genetic variants in core clock genes have been reported as statistically associated with mood disorders, including seasonal affective disorder and major depressive disorder (6-14), but to date none has been causally related with an understanding of specific molecular links.Familial advanced sleep phase (FASP) is a human behavioral phenotype defined by early sleep time and early morning awakening (15). We previously identified mutations in core clock genes that cause FASP by linkage analysis/positional cloning (16) and candidate gene sequencing (17, 18). Here we identify two rare missense variants in PER3 (PER3-P415A/H417R) that cause FASP and are associated with elevated Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and seasonality scores. Transgenic mice carrying human PER3-P415A/H417R exhibit delayed phase in a short photoperiod and a lengthened period of wheel-running rhythms in constant light. At a molecular level, the rare variants lead to decreased PER3 protein levels, likely due to decreased protein stability. Moreover, we found that PER3-P415A/H417R can exert effects on the clock (at least in part) by reducing its stabilizing effect on PER1 and PER2. Although hPER3-P415A/H417R transgenic mice display mild measures of depression-like phenotype, Per3 −/− mice exhibit consistent depression-like behaviors in multiple tests. The differences are particularly evident in short photoperiods, implying a role for PER3 in mood regulation. Taken together, these results support a role for PER3 in ...

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Circadian misalignment in major depressive disorder

Cited by 223 publications

References 11 publications

The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shift-Workers (MCTQ^Shift)

The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shift-Workers (MCTQ^Shift)

Forkhead box O transcription factors as possible mediators in the development of major depression

A PERIOD3 variant causes a circadian phenotype and is associated with a seasonal mood trait

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Circadian misalignment in major depressive disorder

Cited by 223 publications

References 11 publications

The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shift-Workers (MCTQShift)

The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shift-Workers (MCTQShift)

Forkhead box O transcription factors as possible mediators in the development of major depression

A PERIOD3 variant causes a circadian phenotype and is associated with a seasonal mood trait

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shift-Workers (MCTQ^Shift)

The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shift-Workers (MCTQ^Shift)