Circadian phase response curves to light in older and young women and men

Kripke, Daniel F.; Elliott, Jeffrey A.; Youngstedt, Shawn D.; Rex, Katharine M.

doi:10.1186/1740-3391-5-4

Cited by 109 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These authors (1993b) also found a lower mean melatonin level in psychiatric patients who had attempted suicide and/or expressed suicidal ideation. Kripke et al (2007) found that increased light during the day was associated with increased melatonin secretion at night in post-menopausal women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antepartum Depression Severity is Increased During Seasonally Longer Nights: Relationship to Melatonin and Cortisol Timing and Quantity

Meliska

Martı́nez

López

et al. 2013

Chronobiology International

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Current research suggests that mood varies from season to season in some individuals, in conjunction with light-modulated alterations in chronobiologic indices like melatonin and cortisol. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seasonal variations in darkness on mood in depressed antepartum women, and to determine the relationship of seasonal mood variations to contemporaneous blood melatonin and cortisol measures; a secondary aim was to evaluate the influence of seasonal factors on measures of melancholic versus atypical depressive symptoms. We obtained measures of mood and overnight concentrations of plasma melatonin and serum cortisol in 19 depressed patients (DP) and 12 healthy control (HC) antepartum women, during on-going seasonal variations in daylight/darkness, in a cross-sectional design. Analyses of variance showed that in DP, but not HC, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) scores were significantly higher in women tested during seasonally longer vs. shorter nights. This exacerbation of depressive symptoms occurred when the dim light melatonin onset, the melatonin synthesis offset and the time of maximum cortisol secretion (acrophase) were phase-advanced (temporally shifted earlier), and melatonin quantity was reduced, in DP but not HC. Serum cortisol increased across gestational weeks in both the HC and DP groups, which did not differ significantly in cortisol concentration. Nevertheless, serum cortisol concentration correlated positively with HRSD score in DP but not HC; notably, HC showed neither significant mood changes nor altered melatonin and cortisol timing or quantity in association with seasonal variations. These findings suggest that depression severity during pregnancy may become elevated in association with seasonally-related phase-advances in melatonin and cortisol timing and reduced melatonin quantity that occur in DP, but not HC. Thus, women who experience antepartum depression may be more susceptible than their non-depressed counterparts to phase alterations in melatonin and cortisol timing during seasonally longer nights. Interventions that phase delay melatonin and/or cortisol timing -- for example, increased exposure to bright evening light -- might serve as an effective intervention for antepartum depressions whose severity is increased during seasonally longer nights.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antepartum Depression Severity is Increased During Seasonally Longer Nights: Relationship to Melatonin and Cortisol Timing and Quantity

Meliska

Martı́nez

López

et al. 2013

Chronobiology International

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“…23 The onset and midpoint but not the offset of nocturnal cortisol secretion is advanced in the elderly compared to younger controls. 24,29 A relative advance in the phase timing of cortisol with age can potentially influence the circadian IOP rhythm. However, the fact that our older subjects had a phase-delay in their peak IOP seems to contrast with the expected aging effect of cortisol on IOP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aging on 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Sitting and Supine Body Positions

Mansouri

Weinreb

Liu

2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.To evaluate how aging alters 24-hour measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the sitting and supine body positions. METHODS. Fifteen older volunteers with healthy eyes (ages, 53-71 years) were each housed for 1 day in a sleep laboratory. An 8-hour accustomed sleep period was assigned to each subject. Every 2 hours, measurements of IOP were taken in the sitting and supine positions. Sitting and supine patterns of 24-hour IOP were compared. Simulated 24-hour IOP rhythms in the same body position were determined using cosine fitting of individual 24-hour data. The average postural IOP effects during the diurnal/wake period and the nocturnal/sleep period were compared. Data from this group of older subjects were compared with previously collected data from 16 healthy younger subjects (ages, 18 -25 years) under the same experimental conditions. RESULTS. Within each age group, sitting and supine patterns of 24-hour IOP were similar and parallel. Compared to the younger subjects, the phase timing (simulated peak) of 24-hour IOP was significantly delayed for the older subjects in both body positions. The postural IOP effect for the older subjects was 4.7 Ϯ 0.8 and 4.8 Ϯ 0.8 mm Hg during the diurnal and nocturnal periods, respectively. These postural IOP effects were not significantly different from the postural effects in the younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS. Although aging can significantly delay the phase timing of the 24-hour IOP pattern toward the diurnal/awake period, it may not affect the postural IOP effect during the diurnal and the nocturnal periods. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:112-116) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-8763 I ntraocular pressure (IOP) in the human eye is regulated by the rate of aqueous humor formation, the resistance of aqueous humor outflow, and the episcleral venous pressure. IOP varies throughout a 24-hour period due to changes in these physiologic parameters. In healthy younger and nonmyopic subjects, there is 24-hour variation of IOP with a peak value in most individuals occurring in the late nocturnal/sleep period in either sitting or supine body position, independent of posture.1,2 Postural IOP effects, the difference in IOP between the sitting and supine body positions, are not significantly different between the diurnal and nocturnal periods.1 However, an earlier study indicated that the 24-hour IOP variation in the aging population may be different from that in the younger subjects. 3Changes in 24-hour IOP measurements may occur because of age-related structural or functional changes, including alterations in hormonal and neural activities for the regulation of IOP. Circulating levels and timing of glucocorticoids and melatonin as well as the neuronal activities such as the baroreflex may affect the IOP pattern and its variation within a 24-hour period.4 -8 A reported age-related change is the postural IOP effect, 9,10 which is associated with the hydrostatic response in the episcleral venous pressure and the redistribution of body fluid including the choroidal vascular volume...

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“…In this protocol, participants adhere to repeated ultradian “day” cycles, with each cycle being shorter than the normal sleep/wake cycle and containing a fixed period of wakefulness in dim light followed by a fixed period of attempted sleep in total darkness. Cycle lengths have varied between studies, ranging from 20 min (13 min wake, 7 min sleep; Lavie & Scherson, 1981) to 30 min (20/10; Kubota et al, 2002) to 90 min (60/30; Buysse et al, 2005; Kripke et al, 2007) to 180 min (120/60; Weitzman et al, 1974a), and the protocol can be sustained successfully for up to 10 days (Weitzman et al, 1974b). Instead of eliminating the influence of factors that might mask circadian measurement (e.g., physical activity, sleep/wake state, food ingestion), these effects are distributed evenly across all cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of eliminating the influence of factors that might mask circadian measurement (e.g., physical activity, sleep/wake state, food ingestion), these effects are distributed evenly across all cycles. Circadian rhythms free-run in these protocols, delaying approximately 0.30 h per day (Kripke et al, 2007). Though sleep is fragmented into short bouts, sleep deprivation is not nearly as extreme as that induced by the constant routine protocol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultra-short sleep/wake protocol has been used to establish circadian rhythms in melatonin (Kripke et al, 2005), sleep propensity (Kudo et al, 1999; Lavie et al, 1981), sleep architecture (Carskadon & Dement, 1975; Stampi, 1992), and neuroendocrine function (Weitzman et al, 1974a; Weitzman et al, 1974b), and to examine phase response curves for bright light (Kripke et al, 2007). However, the ultra-short sleep/wake protocol has been sparsely used in assessing circadian patterns of neurobehavioral performance and mood (Lavie et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circadian Rhythms of Psychomotor Vigilance, Mood, and Sleepiness in the Ultra-Short Sleep/Wake Protocol

Kline

Durstine

Davis

et al. 2010

Chronobiology International

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Despite its advantages as a chronobiological technique, the ultra-short sleep/wake protocol remains underutilized in circadian rhythm research. The purpose of this study was to examine circadian rhythms of psychomotor vigilance (PVT), mood, and sleepiness in a sample (n = 25) of healthy young adults while they adhered to a 3-h ultra-short sleep/wake protocol. The protocol involved 1-h sleep intervals in darkness followed by 2-h wake intervals in dim light, repeated for 50–55 h. A 5-min PVT test was conducted every 9 h with the standard metrics of mean reaction time (RT; RTmean), median RT (RTmed), fastest 10% of responses (RT10fast), and the reciprocal of the 10% slowest responses (1/RT10slow). Subjective measures of mood and sleepiness were assessed every 3 h. A cosine fit of intra-aural temperature, assessed three times per wake period, established the time of the body temperature minimum (Tmin). Mood, sleepiness, and PVT performances were expressed relative to individual means and compared across eight times of day and across twelve 2-h intervals relative to Tmin. Significant time-of-day and circadian patterns were demonstrated for each of the PVT metrics, as well as for mood and sleepiness. Most mood subscales exhibited significant deterioration in day 2 of the protocol without an alteration of circadian pattern. However, neither sleepiness nor performance was worse on the second day of observation compared to the first day. These data provide further support for the use of the ultra-short sleep/wake protocol for measurement of circadian rhythms.

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Circadian phase response curves to light in older and young women and men

Cited by 109 publications

References 44 publications

Antepartum Depression Severity is Increased During Seasonally Longer Nights: Relationship to Melatonin and Cortisol Timing and Quantity

Antepartum Depression Severity is Increased During Seasonally Longer Nights: Relationship to Melatonin and Cortisol Timing and Quantity

Effects of Aging on 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Sitting and Supine Body Positions

Circadian Rhythms of Psychomotor Vigilance, Mood, and Sleepiness in the Ultra-Short Sleep/Wake Protocol

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