Circadian rhythms: a regulator of gastrointestinal health and dysfunction

Voigt, Robin M.; Forsyth, Christopher B.; Keshavarzian, Ali

doi:10.1080/17474124.2019.1595588

Cited by 103 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…Again this loss of diurnal rhythms in food intake was associated with loss of diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent responses to food‐related stimuli. Although peripheral clocks are under the control of the SCN they also respond to zeitgebers, other than light, such as food intake . Therefore, it is uncertain whether the loss of diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity is driving the loss of diurnal rhythms in food intake or vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, further investigation of clock genes specifically in gastric vagal afferents is required to determine their role in the disrupted gastric vagal afferent signaling observed in HFD‐mice. Although peripheral clocks are under the control of the SCN they also respond to zeitgebers, other than light, such as food intake . Therefore, it remains to be determined whether the loss of diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity is driving the loss of diurnal rhythms in food intake or vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although peripheral clocks are under the control of the SCN they also respond to zeitgebers, other than light, such as food intake. 30 Therefore, it remains to be determined whether the loss of diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity is driving the loss of diurnal rhythms in food intake or vice versa. It has been demonstrated that time restricted feeding can prevent the loss of diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity observed in HFD-induced obese mice.…”

Section: Diurnal Rhythmicity Of Gastric Vagal Afferent Mechanosensimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disruption of the light cycle ablates diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity

Kentish

Christie

Vincent

et al. 2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) respond to mechanical stimulation, initiating satiety. These afferents exhibit diurnal fluctuations in mechanosensitivity, facilitating food intake during the dark phase in rodents. In humans, desynchrony of diurnal rhythms (eg, shift work) is associated with a higher risk of obesity. To test the hypothesis that shift work disrupts satiety signaling, the effect of a rotating light cycles on diurnal rhythms in GVA mechanosensitivity in lean and high‐fat diet (HDF)‐induced obese mice was determined. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were fed standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks. After 4 weeks, mice were randomly allocated to a normal light (NL; 12 hour light: 12 hour dark; lights on at zeitgeber time [ZT] 0) or rotating light (RL; 3‐day NL cycle, 4‐day reversed light cycle [lights on: ZT12] repeated) cycle for 8 weeks. At week 12, eight mice from each group were housed in metabolic cages. After 12 weeks, ex vivo GVA recordings were taken at 3 hour intervals starting at ZT0. Key Results SLD‐RL and HFD‐RL gained more weight compared to SLD‐NL and HFD‐NL mice, respectively. Gonadal fat pad mass was higher in SLD‐RL compared to SLD‐NL mice. In SLD‐NL mice, tension and mucosal receptor mechanosensitivity exhibited diurnal rhythms with a peak at ZT9. These rhythms were lost in SLD‐RL, HFD‐NL, and HFD‐RL mice and associated with dampened diurnal rhythms in food intake. Conclusions & Inferences GVA diurnal rhythms are susceptible to disturbances in the light cycle and/or the obese state. This may underpin the observed changes in feeding behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diurnal Rhythmicity Of Gastric Vagal Afferent Mechanosensimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Disruption of the light cycle ablates diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity

Kentish

Christie

Vincent

et al. 2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…Several critical aspects of the intestinal physiology e.g. motility, intestinal permeability, hormone secretion, nutrient absorption, cell proliferation and interactions with microbiota are CC-controlled and have been thoroughly reviewed [90][91][92]. However, in recent years the relationship between intestine and resident microbiota has gained spotlight as a major regulator of metabolic health and disease including, NAFLD [93][94][95][96].…”

Section: Intestine and Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation of the circadian clock and pathogenesis of NAFLD

2020

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All living organisms including humans, experience changes in the light exposure generated by the Earth's rotation. In anticipation of this unavoidable geo-physical variability, and to generate an appropriate biochemical response, species of many phyla, including mammals have evolved a nearly 24-hour endogenous timing device known as the circadian clock (CC), which is self-sustained, cell autonomous and is present in every cell type. At the heart of the 'clock' functioning resides the CC-oscillator, an elegantly designed transcriptionaltranslational feedback system. Notably, the core components of the CC-oscillator not only drive daily rhythmicity of their own synthesis, but also generate circadian phase-specific variability in the expression levels of thousands of target genes through transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Thereby, this 'clock'-system provides proper chronological coordination in the functioning of cells, tissues and organs. The CC governs many physiologically critical functions. Among these functions, the key role of the CC in maintaining metabolic homeostasis deserves special emphasis. Indeed, the several features of the modern lifestyle (e.g. travelinduced jet lag, rotating shift work, energy-dense food) which, force disruption of circadian rhythms have recently emerged as a major driver to global health problems like obesity, cardiovascular disease and metabolic liver disease such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we review, the CC-dependent pathways in different tissues which play critical roles in mediating several critical metabolic functions under physiological conditions and discuss their impact for the development of metabolic disease with a focus on the liver.

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“…The circadian rhythms of humans are controlled by a structure located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and symbolically named the central biological clock [1]. The central biological clock synchronises peripheral clocks located in organs, such as the liver [2], pancreas [3], adipose tissue [4] and intestine [5], by receiving external environmental signals, such as light, darkness and food intakedynamics, which favour the suitable metabolism of hormones related to each organ. This complex physiological system is currently named the circadian timing system [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associação entre jet lag social e resposta metabólica, antropométrica e do consumo alimentar de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica: um estudo observacional e longitudinal

Carvalho¹

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Background: The desynchronization of central and peripheral clocks with the environment leads to the circadian misalignment. Social jetlag (SJL)-a chronobiological variable which measure the level of this misalignment-has been associated to a higher risk of developing obesity, metabolic diseases and a worse food consumption pattern. However, the influence of circadian misalignment on anthropometrics, dietary and metabolic outcomes has not been studied in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Objective: To evaluate the influence of SJL on anthropometric, metabolic and food intake outcomes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery throughout six months follow-up after surgery. Methods: Hundred twenty-two bariatric patients were included in the study (77% female, 79.5% underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique, age: 33 [28.0-41.7]). Anthropometrics and food consumption variables were evaluated in the preoperative, third and sixth months after surgery, while the metabolic variables were evaluated in preoperative and sixth month after surgery. Generalized estimated equations were used to evaluate the influence of follow-up time and degree of exposure to SJL and the interaction between both on the outcome's evolution. Linear regression was performed to evaluate the association between the mean of degree of exposure to SJL during the six months of follow-up and the delta of anthropometric and metabolic variables. Results: Linear regression showed a negative association between the mean of SJL exposure during the six months and the weight loss in kilos (β=0.17, p=0.17), weight loss percentage (β=-0.30, p=0.006), the reduction of body mass index (BMI) (β=-0.24, p=0.007), waist (β=-0.17, p=0.04) and hip (β=-0.39, p<0.001) circumferences. GEE analyses showed a negative effect of the interaction between SJL exposure and the follow-up time on weight (p=0.01), BMI (p=0.04) and insulin (p=0.01), as well as an isolated effect of SJL on calories (p= 0.001), carbohydrates (p=0.005), total fat (p=0.007), monounsaturated (p=0.03) and polyunsaturated fat (p<0.001) intake. Conclusion: SJL presented a negative effect on anthropometric, metabolic and food consumption outcomes variables after six months of bariatric surgery. Future studies on this subject are necessary to confirm these findings.

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Circadian rhythms: a regulator of gastrointestinal health and dysfunction

Cited by 103 publications

References 159 publications

Disruption of the light cycle ablates diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity

Disruption of the light cycle ablates diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity

Perturbation of the circadian clock and pathogenesis of NAFLD

Associação entre jet lag social e resposta metabólica, antropométrica e do consumo alimentar de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica: um estudo observacional e longitudinal

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