CircRNAs: biogenesis, functions, and role in drug-resistant Tumours

Ma, Shuo; Kong, Shan; Wu, Feng; Ju, Shaoqing

doi:10.1186/s12943-020-01231-4

Cited by 107 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(246 reference statements)

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“…Since circRNAs regulate target genes of miRNAs by acting as miRNA sponges [ 18 ], the competitive interactions of viral circRNAs and the DE human miRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed in viral infections of Calu-3 cells to investigate the functions of viral circRNAs. In 6 hpi of MERS-CoV, 238 high-confidence viral circRNAs which were defined as those detected by at least two detection tools, with back-splicing junction reads ≥2 and with the length ranging from 200 bp to 2 kbp (Materials and Methods) were identified ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and characterization of circRNAs encoded by MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2

Cai

He³

et al. 2020

Briefings in Bioinformatics

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The life-threatening coronaviruses MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-1/2) have caused and will continue to cause enormous morbidity and mortality to humans. Virus-encoded noncoding RNAs are poorly understood in coronaviruses. Data mining of viral-infection-related RNA-sequencing data has resulted in the identification of 28 754, 720 and 3437 circRNAs encoded by MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. MERS-CoV exhibits much more prominent ability to encode circRNAs in all genomic regions than those of SARS-CoV-1/2. Viral circRNAs typically exhibit low expression levels. Moreover, majority of the viral circRNAs exhibit expressions only in the late stage of viral infection. Analysis of the competitive interactions of viral circRNAs, human miRNAs and mRNAs in MERS-CoV infections reveals that viral circRNAs up-regulated genes related to mRNA splicing and processing in the early stage of viral infection, and regulated genes involved in diverse functions including cancer, metabolism, autophagy, viral infection in the late stage of viral infection. Similar analysis in SARS-CoV-2 infections reveals that its viral circRNAs down-regulated genes associated with metabolic processes of cholesterol, alcohol, fatty acid and up-regulated genes associated with cellular responses to oxidative stress in the late stage of viral infection. A few genes regulated by viral circRNAs from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were enriched in several biological processes such as response to reactive oxygen and centrosome localization. This study provides the first glimpse into viral circRNAs in three deadly coronaviruses and would serve as a valuable resource for further studies of circRNAs in coronaviruses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The circRNAs are reported to have diverse functions in mammals and plants [ 16 , 17 ]. They can function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, by binding proteins, or by encoding proteins [ 18–20 ]. For example, ciRS-7 contains more than 70 binding sites for miR-7 and correlates with the human disease by affecting miR-7 activity [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of circRNAs encoded by MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2

Cai

He³

et al. 2020

Briefings in Bioinformatics

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“…The mechanism of circRNAs biogenesis is a remarkably complicated process ( Ma et al, 2020 ). Previous studies indicated that the reverse complementary sequences, like Alu sequences, may facilitate back-splicing by closing up the flanking introns together.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNA CircNOLC1, Upregulated by NF-KappaB, Promotes the Progression of Prostate Cancer via miR-647/PAQR4 Axis

Chen

Cen

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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BackgroundCircRNAs recently have shown critical roles in tumor biology. However, their roles in prostate cancer (PCa) remains largely unclear.MethodsCircRNA microarrays were performed in immortal prostate cell line RWPE1 and PCa cell lines as DU145, PC3, LNCaP, C4-2, and 22RV1. Combined with upregulated circRNAs in PCa tissues, circNOLC1 expression was validated in PCa cells and tissues via qRT-PCR and FISH. Sanger sequencing, actinomycin D, gDNA, and cDNA, RNase R assays were used to assess the circular characteristics of circNOLC1. CCK-8, colony formation, transwell migration assays, and mice xenograft models were conducted to evaluate the functions of PCa cells after circNOLC1 knockdown and overexpression. RNA pulldown, luciferase reporter assay, FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), and CHIP were utilized to illustrate the further mechanisms of circNOLC1.ResultsOur research indicated that circNOLC1 was overexpressed in PCa cells and tissues, and circNOLC1 was more stable than linear NOLC1 mRNA. CircNOLC1 promoted PCa cells proliferation and migration in vitro and vivo. Additionally, we found that circNOLC1 could upregulate PAQR4 expression by sponging miR-647, leading to the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, NF-kappaB was identified to bind to the NOLC1 promoter sites and upregulated both NOLC1 and circNOLC1 expression.ConclusionCircNOLC1, elevated by transcription factor NF-kappaB, promotes PCa progression via a miR-647/PAQR4 axis, and circNOLC1 is a potential biomarker and target for PCa treatment.

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“…Chemotherapy is an effective method to prevent BC recurrence and metastasis following surgical treatment [ 99 ]. However, chemotherapeutic resistance remains a major problem, and a way to track or predict the development of drug resistance would enable better management of BC [ 100 ].…”

Section: Clinical Relevance Of Circrnas In Bcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, chemotherapeutic resistance remains a major problem, and a way to track or predict the development of drug resistance would enable better management of BC [ 100 ]. To this end, some circRNAs were described as associated with drug resistance ( Section 3.2.2 ), and therefore may be relevant as biomarkers in this space [ 99 ]. The mechanism of action in drug resistance has been studied for a number of circRNAs in other types of cancer previously [ 101 , 102 , 103 ], but only a handful of candidates were investigated in detail in BC.…”

Section: Clinical Relevance Of Circrnas In Bcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNAs: Potential Applications as Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers in Breast Cancer

Sarkar

Diermeier

2021

ncRNA

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that form a covalently closed loop. A number of functions and mechanisms of action for circRNAs have been reported, including as miRNA sponge, exerting transcriptional and translational regulation, interacting with proteins, and coding for peptides. CircRNA dysregulation has also been implicated in many cancers, such as breast cancer. Their relatively high stability and presence in bodily fluids makes cancer-associated circRNAs promising candidates as a new biomarker. In this review, we summarize the research undertaken on circRNAs associated with breast cancer, discuss circRNAs as biomarkers, and present circRNA-based therapeutic approaches.

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CircRNAs: biogenesis, functions, and role in drug-resistant Tumours

Cited by 107 publications

References 177 publications

Identification and characterization of circRNAs encoded by MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2

Identification and characterization of circRNAs encoded by MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2

Circular RNA CircNOLC1, Upregulated by NF-KappaB, Promotes the Progression of Prostate Cancer via miR-647/PAQR4 Axis

Circular RNAs: Potential Applications as Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers in Breast Cancer

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