Circuit breaker model for digital simulation based on Mayr's and Cassie's differential arc equations

Simulation of Switching Arc Using Modified Mayr Arc Model

“…The switching surges in the electrical power systems, that caused by dosing or opening operations of switching devices, are generally defined by mutual effects between the arc behavior of switching devices and the corresponding circuit conditions, The aim of a black box arc model is to describe the interaction between the arc and the corresponding circuit. Although a large number of black box arc models based on Mayr's or Cassie's equations have been developed (1,2,3), but contrasting with the models of other elements such as cables or electrical machines, the arc models did not content the increasing demands for the numerical analysis of transient phenomena in electrical power systems, due to the complexity of the physical phenomena of arc This paper presents experimental investigation on the arc voltage characteristics of SF6 gas switches (GS), air switches (AS) and vacuum switches (VS). To describe the influence of arc length on arc voltage, a black box are model based on modified Mayr arc model is developed.…”

Transient recovery voltage analysis for various current breaking mathematical models: shunt reactor and capacitor bank de-energization study

“…The Mayr approach (similarly to Cassie model) allows to calculate the electric arc conductance using constant parameters depending on the circuit breaker design. The Mayr equation is presented below as a differential equation describing arc conductance [2,16,17]: For the high current conditions, the Cassie's portion of the arc voltage is the main part of the total arc voltage. When the current is close to zero, the Mayr's portion describes the arc behaviour more accurately.…”

“…Hence, the overall process can be represented by the arc conductance given by the two differential models working simultaneously. The total arc resistance is then given by [16,17]: (4) where: g c -the arc conductance calculated according to the Cassie equation (2), g m -the arc conductance calculated according to the Mayr equation (3).…”

“…Basically, the Cassie approach includes calculation of electric arc conductance in the time domain basing on parameters characterizing given circuit breaker type. The Cassie formula is presented below as a differential equation describing the arc conductance during the current interruption process [15][16][17] In order to perform analyses using the Cassie model, knowledge of constants given by Equation (2) is necessary. However, their values are strongly dependent on the circuit breaker design.…”

Harmonic Loss Analysis of the Traction Transformer of High-Speed Trains Considering Pantograph-OCS Electrical Contact Properties

“…P(u,i) and τ(u,i) are the cooling power and time constant, respectively. Most of the published work on arc models is based on the well-known Cassie and Mayr models [23][24][25], which provide a qualitative description of the arc in the high and low current regions, respectively. The fitting of the model results to measured data is achieved by means of a proper selection of arc parameters like the time constant and the cooling power, which is normally taken as a function of the arc current and voltage [26].…”