Circulating adrenal hormones are not necessary for the development of sensitization to the psychomotor activating effects of amphetamine

Badiani, Aldo; Morano, M. Inés; Akil, Huda; Robinson, Terry E.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)01365-o

Cited by 83 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…On the other hand, Badiani et al (1995c) found that adrenalectomy has no effect on the ability of environmental novelty to promote psychomotor sensitization, suggesting that drug-corticosterone interactions are not responsible for the effects reported here. Consistent with this view, we reported here that after 6-8 hr of habituation, when corticosterone levels should have returned to baseline (Pfister and King 1976), animals still showed robust sensitization.…”

Section: Effect Of Environmental Novelty On the Induction Of Psychomocontrasting

confidence: 58%

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The Ability of Environmental Context to Facilitate Psychomotor Sensitization to Amphetamine Can Be Dissociated from Its Effect on Acute Drug Responsiveness and on Conditioned Responding

Crombag

Badiani

Chan

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

112

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Doses of amphetamine or cocaine that fail to induce psychomotor sensitization when given to a rat in its home NO . 6 Psychomotor Sensitization to Amphetamine 681 increasing attention because the neural changes underlying sensitization to drugs of abuse may contribute to addiction (Lett 1989;Piazza et al. 1989;Robinson and Berridge 1993). In studying the conditions that facilitate or retard sensitization we have found that the context in which drugs are administered has a large effect on their ability to induce psychomotor sensitization (Badiani et al. 1995a(Badiani et al. , 1995bRobinson et al. 1998, for review). For example, doses of amphetamine, cocaine, or morphine that fail to induce psychomotor sensitization when given in the home cage, induce robust sensitization when given in a distinct and relatively novel environment (Badiani et al. 2000b;Browman et al. 1998aBrowman et al. , 1998bCrombag et al. 1996). The mechanisms responsible for the facilitation of sensitization by a distinct environment are not known, but it is tempting to relate them to associative learning processes (Badiani et al. 1995a(Badiani et al. , 1995b. Indeed, it has been suggested that sensitization may be the result of a progressive increase in the ability of treatment-related stimuli to elicit a conditioned response (CR), which adds to the unconditioned drug response (UR) (Hinson and Poulos 1981;Pert et al. 1990;Tilson and Rech 1973). If this hypothesis is correct, manipulations that degrade the ability of contextual stimuli to acquire conditioned stimulus (CS) properties should attenuate the facilitation of sensitization that occurs when drugs are administered in a distinct environment. Increasing the interval between presentation of the would-be CS and the unconditioned stimulus (US) is known to impair conditioning (Kimble 1947;Pickens and Crowder 1967). Therefore, in the present experiment we studied the effect of increasing the CS-US interval on the development of sensitization produced by amphetamine, by habituating rats to the test environment prior to drug administration. The psychomotor stimulant effects of repeated intravenous (i.v.) injections of amphetamine were assessed by quantifying rotational behavior in rats with a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion. Injections were given (1) in the absence of any environmental stimuli predictive of drug administration (HOME groups); (2) immediately after rats were placed into a distinct environment (NOVEL groups); or (3) in a distinct environment, but after either 1 or 6-8 hr of habituation to that environment (1 hr and 6-8 hr HABITUA-TION groups). Intravenous injections of amphetamine were given using remote-controlled syringe pumps. Thus, amphetamine was administered in the absence of the aversive stimuli associated with other routes of experimental drug administration (e.g., appearance of an experimenter, handling, needle jab). MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects and Behavioral MeasureMale Sprague-Dawley rats (Harlan Sprague Dawley, Indianapolis, IN), weighing 200-225 g on arrival were individu...

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Section: Effect Of Environmental Novelty On the Induction Of Psychomocontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Furthermore, Badiani et al (1995c) found that adrenalectomy decreased locomotor and rearing hyperactivity produced by an i.p. injection of amphetamine in a novel test environment, but it had no effect on rotational behavior in rats with a unilateral lesion of the mesostriatal DA pathway.…”

Section: Effect Of Environmental Novelty On the Acute Psychomotor Resmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Ability of Environmental Context to Facilitate Psychomotor Sensitization to Amphetamine Can Be Dissociated from Its Effect on Acute Drug Responsiveness and on Conditioned Responding

Crombag

Badiani

Chan

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In these animals, amphetamine elicits rotational behavior directed toward the side of the lesion, instead of locomotor activity and stereotyped behaviors, as in neurologically intact animals. We discussed elsewhere the advantages offered by the measure of rotational behavior over that of locomotor activity as an index of psychomotor activation (Badiani et al 1995a(Badiani et al , 1995c. However, it is important to establish whether the effect of environmental novelty on amphetamine sensitization described above is unique to rotational behavior in rats with a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion or whether it reflects a more general modulation of the psychomotor activating effects of amphetamine, such as locomotor activity in neurologically intact rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to Amphetamine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization Is Modulated by Environmental Stimuli

Fraioli

Crombag

Badiani

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Additionally, DA functioning in the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex modulates DA utilization in the NAS, as well as the sensitivity to selfadministration of DA agonists (Le Moal & Simon 1991;Piazza et al 1991b). State (due, for instance, to a history of stressors) and trait differences in the secretion of, or sensitivity to, glucocorticoids significantly modulate DA functioning in the VTA and NAS and influence incentive-facilitated behaviors (Piazza & Le Moal 1996), such as the amount of stimulants self-administered and the magnitude of behavioral sensitization (but see Badiani et al 1995c). Furthermore, both neurotensin and substance P, which influence DA neurotransmission in the NAS and basal and psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity, differ in the VTA and NAS of high and low locomotor responders to novelty Kalivas et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is produced by intermittent noncontingent administration of a variety of psychostimulants or stressors and is demonstrated by a progressive and enduring enhancement of behavior elicited by a noncontingent psychostimulant test challenge administered days to weeks after the initial exposure phase (Badiani et al 1995a;1995c;Kalivas 1995;Kalivas & Stewart 1991;Prasad et al 1995;Robinson & Becker 1986;Sorg et al 1994;Stewart 1992). Behavioral sensitization also can be induced through repeated self-administration of cocaine , may be expressed by use of natural incentives (Mitchell & Gratton 1992;Mitchell & Stewart 1990), and, when accompanied by repeated administration of stress or psychostimulants, can enhance the acquisition of amphetamine and cocaine self-administration (Horger et al 1990;Piazza & Le Moal 1996;Piazza et al 1989;Woolverton et al 1984).…”

Section: Experience-dependent Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steps to a neurochemistry of personality

Lawrence¹,

Koepp²,

Gunn³

et al. 1999

Behav Brain Sci

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Extraversion has two central characteristics: (1) interpersonal engagement, which consists of affiliation (enjoying and valuing close interpersonal bonds, being warm and affectionate) and agency (being socially dominant, enjoying leadership roles, being assertive, being exhibitionistic, and having a sense of potency in accomplishing goals) and (2) impulsivity, which emerges from the interaction of extraversion and a second, independent trait (constraint). Agency is a more general motivational disposition that includes dominance, ambition, mastery, efficacy, and achievement. Positive affect (a combination of positive feelings and motivation) is closely associated with extraversion. Extraversion is accordingly based on positive incentive motivation.Parallels between extraversion (particularly its agency component) and a mammalian behavioral approach system based on positive incentive motivation implicate a neuroanatomical network and modulatory neurotransmitters in the processing of incentive motivation. A corticolimbic-striatal-thalamic network (1) integrates the salient incentive context in the medial orbital cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus; (2) encodes the intensity of incentive stimuli in a motive circuit composed of the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area dopamine projection system; and (3) creates an incentive motivational state that can be transmitted to the motor system.Individual differences in the functioning of this network arise from functional variation in the ventral tegmental area dopamine projections, which are directly involved in coding the intensity of incentive motivation. The animal evidence suggests that there are three neurodevelopmental sources of individual differences in dopamine: genetic, "experience-expectant," and "experience-dependent." Individual differences in dopamine promote variation in the heterosynaptic plasticity that enhances the connection between incentive context and incentive motivation and behavior.Our psychobiological threshold model explains the effects of individual differences in dopamine transmission on behavior, and their relation to personality traits is discussed.Keywords: behavioral sensitization; dopamine; extraversion; heterosynaptic plasticity; incentive motivation; neurobiology; personality the behavioral, emotional, and motivational characteristics of extraversion. Next, we identified a mammalian behavior pattern with corresponding characteristics, as described in the psychological and ethological literatures. Once an analogous motivation was identified, animal neurobiological research provided empirical links to its neural organization and neurochemical modulation. These hypotheses were then extended to humans and subjected to empirical tests. Extraversion: Central characteristics and underlying motivationExtraversion is a higher-order trait that is derived from a set of correlated lower-order traits. The lower-order traits are measures of behavioral and emotional characteristicssuch as social dominance, positive emo...

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Circulating adrenal hormones are not necessary for the development of sensitization to the psychomotor activating effects of amphetamine

Cited by 83 publications

References 52 publications

The Ability of Environmental Context to Facilitate Psychomotor Sensitization to Amphetamine Can Be Dissociated from Its Effect on Acute Drug Responsiveness and on Conditioned Responding

The Ability of Environmental Context to Facilitate Psychomotor Sensitization to Amphetamine Can Be Dissociated from Its Effect on Acute Drug Responsiveness and on Conditioned Responding

Susceptibility to Amphetamine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization Is Modulated by Environmental Stimuli

Steps to a neurochemistry of personality

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