Circulating and Unique Recombinant Forms of HIV Type 1 Containing Subsubtype A2

Visawapoka, Unchalee; Tovanabutra, Sodsai; Currier, Jeffrey R.; Cox, Josephine H.; Mason, Carl J.; Wasunna, Monique; Ponglikitmongkol, Mathurose; Dowling, William E.; Robb, Merlin L.; Birx, Deborah L.; McCutchan, Francine E.

doi:10.1089/aid.2006.22.695

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, only two Kenyan full-length clade C and three Kenyan fulllength clade D sequences have been published, making the source of the clade C and D in these recombinants unknown. 12,[31][32][33] Phylogenetic analysis of the nonrecombinant clade A1 sequences from this cohort revealed significant viral diversity. This was observed despite the cohort members all practicing sex work in the same small community of Pumwani, Kenya, which suggests that HIV-1 transmission events likely occurred in close physical proximity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Full-Length HIV Type 1 Proviral Sequencing of 10 Highly Exposed Women from Nairobi, Kenya Reveals a High Proportion of Intersubtype Recombinants

Land

Ball

Luo

et al. 2008

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that the current HIV/AIDS pandemic consists of a multitude of different viral clades and recombinant viruses. The predominant circulating HIV-1 clade in Kenya is A1; however, Kenya borders countries where different subtypes are prominent, making Kenya a likely location for recombination. Previous studies have reported significant differences in the proportions of sequences in Kenya that are intersubtype recombinants. Studies that performed sequence-based typing on multiple HIV-1 genomic regions or full-length sequences found higher rates of recombination than those that examined a single gene or gene fragment. In this study, we describe full-length HIV-1 proviral sequence-based genotyping after limited peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) coculture. Ten subjects from a highly exposed cohort located in Nairobi, Kenya were examined. Pairwise comparison found minimal difference between sequences generated directly from patient PBMC DNA compared to sequences from cocultured PBMC DNA. Of the 10 full-length HIV-1 sequences examined, five were nonrecombinant clade A1, while the other five were unique intersubtype recombinants. Although this frequency of recombination is higher than previously described in Kenya, this finding is in agreement with previous full-length sequence data. Interestingly, although all the nonrecombinant sequences were clade A1, not all the recombinant sequences contained a clade A1 sequence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Full-Length HIV Type 1 Proviral Sequencing of 10 Highly Exposed Women from Nairobi, Kenya Reveals a High Proportion of Intersubtype Recombinants

Land

Ball

Luo

et al. 2008

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…Subsubtype A2 was first identified from sequences originating in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cyprus (Gao et al, 2001), and is now also found in Kenya (Visawapoka et al, 2006). In addition, there have been 2 recognised CRF forms, CRF16_A2D and CRF21_A2D, both of which were also identified in Kenya (Visawapoka et al, 2006). CRF16_A2D has also achieved a global spread and has been identified in Korea and Argentina (Gomez-Carrillo et al, 2004).…”

Section: The Global Distribution Of Hiv-1 Subtypes and Crfsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, CRF01_AE is one of the major strains found in Thailand and Southeast Asia (McCutchan et al, 1992;Tovanabutra et al, 2004). Subsubtype A2 was first identified from sequences originating in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cyprus (Gao et al, 2001), and is now also found in Kenya (Visawapoka et al, 2006). In addition, there have been 2 recognised CRF forms, CRF16_A2D and CRF21_A2D, both of which were also identified in Kenya (Visawapoka et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Global Distribution Of Hiv-1 Subtypes and Crfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Recombination and Pathogenesis – Biological and Epidemiological Implications

Saksena¹,

Lau²,

Dwyer³

et al. 2011

HIV and AIDS - Updates on Biology, Immunology, Epidemiology and Treatment Strategies

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“…In 1997 CRF16_A2D strain KR004 was first isolated in Korea and later in Kenya and Argentina. 9 In Bangladesh subtype C (41.4%) was the most predominant type followed by CRF07 BC (24.2%) and CRF01 AE (9.1%). [10][11][12] Other types such as subtype A1, B, D and several recombinant forms were also detected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Detection of a Rare HIV Type 1 Strain CRF16_A2D in Bangladesh

Sarker

Rahman

Urmi

et al. 2011

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Circulating recombinant form (CRF) 16_A2D is a rare HIV strain among the most recently identified subsubtype A2. Samples taken from an HIV-seropositive married couple who attended a voluntary counseling and testing unit in Dhaka, Bangladesh showed two rare CRF16_A2D isolates. Further genetic analyses targeting three HIV genes (gag, pol, and env) showed that the two isolates from the couple were closely related making it likely that one of them acquired the virus and transferred it to the other. The husband admitted that he had contact with sex workers and both wife and husband had never traveled outside the country. This indicates that the husband might have acquired the virus from sex workers and that this rare strain is already circulating in the country. Detecting unusual isolates is important to determine the true diversity of HIV strains in the country. Monitoring of such strains will help in identifying transmission patterns and possible interventions to prevent the spread of HIV infection.

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Circulating and Unique Recombinant Forms of HIV Type 1 Containing Subsubtype A2

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Full-Length HIV Type 1 Proviral Sequencing of 10 Highly Exposed Women from Nairobi, Kenya Reveals a High Proportion of Intersubtype Recombinants

Full-Length HIV Type 1 Proviral Sequencing of 10 Highly Exposed Women from Nairobi, Kenya Reveals a High Proportion of Intersubtype Recombinants

HIV Recombination and Pathogenesis – Biological and Epidemiological Implications

Detection of a Rare HIV Type 1 Strain CRF16_A2D in Bangladesh

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