Circulating antioxidants in ulcerative colitis and their relationship to disease severity and activity

Abstract

Oxygen free radicals produced by neutrophils are important in the pathogenesis of mucosal damage in ulcerative colitis. Vitamin A, vitamin E and cysteine in the plasma can scavenge free radicals. In the present study, plasma levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, cysteine, cystine and protein-bound cysteine were measured in active ulcerative colitis before and immediately after treatment of the active disease, and correlated with disease severity, extent and activity. Plasma vitamin A and cysteine were significantly reduced in active ulcerative colitis compared with controls. Levels of vitamin E, cystine and protein-bound cysteine were not significantly altered in active ulcerative colitis. Vitamin A and cysteine concentrations returned to normal levels (P < 0.05) within 2 weeks of treating active colitis. There were significant negative correlations between clinical severity and the plasma concentrations of vitamin A and cysteine. Plasma cysteine levels also correlated inversely to disease extent. Depletion of the circulating antioxidants, vitamin A and cysteine, in active ulcerative colitis is likely to be important in the pathophysiology of the disease.

Comprehensive nutritional status in recently diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with population controls

“…The decrease in serum antioxidants of UC patients may be explained by increased consumption of antioxidants by the recently in¯amed tissue rather than by impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients, which is unlikely in UC patients. Studies showed that the antioxidant defence may be depleted by increased reactive oxidative species found in in¯amed mucosa of IBD patients (Simmonds & Rampton, 1993;Gross et al, 1994;Ramakrishna et al, 1997). It is therefore possible that the antioxidant status in UC patients of the present study was not completely restored after the recent in¯ammation period.…”

Effect of a Novel Water-Soluble Vitamin E Derivative, 2-(.ALPHA.-D-Glucopyranosyl)methyl-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-6-ol, on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice

“…We have also shown in a model of TNBS-induced colitis that lipid peroxides are increased significantly in the colonic mucosa [4], and treatment with SOD improves the colitis score [13]. Several studies on human inflammatory bowel disease confirm that oxidative stress is created by overproduction of reactive oxygen species or by the decrease in plasma concentrations of antioxidants, including vitamins C and E [9,[14][15][16]. Aghdassi and Allard [10] recently measured breath pentane output, a marker of lipid peroxidation, in patients with Crohn's disease and found a higher level of breath pentane output when compared with healthy controls.…”

“…Two lines of evidence support our hypothesis: (1) lipid peroxides significantly accumulate in the gastrointestinal mucosa during development of mucosal injury or inflammation, and (2) pretreatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD, a superoxide scavenger) or a hydroxyl radical scavenger greatly attenuates these injuries, as well as inhibiting the increase in lipid peroxides. It has also been proposed that oxygen radical-mediated lipid peroxidation is involved in the development of tissue injury in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis [8][9][10], as well as experimental colitis in animal models [4]. Several animal models of human inflammatory bowel disease have been studied.…”

Assessment of effect of hydroalcoholic and decoction methods on extraction of antioxidants from selected Indian medicinal plants

“…In fact, oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the generation of ROS and endogenous antioxidant systems. ROS are major sources of primary catalysts that initiate oxidation in vivo and in vitro and create oxidative stress which results in numerous diseases and disorders [1] such as cancer [2] , cardiovascular disease [3] , neural disorders [4] , Alzheimer's disease [5] , mild congnitive impairment [6] , Parkinson's disease [7] , alcohol induced liver disease [8] , ulcerative colitis [9] , ageing [10] , and atherosclerosis [11] .…”