Circulating inflammatory markers in cervical cancer patients and healthy controls

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that host inflammatory responses play an important role in the development and progression of cancers. There are some data that cancer is associated not only with inflammation at the site of the lesion, but also with dysregulations of the host overall systemic immune response. In the case of cervical cancer, inflammation is an important factor associated with the development, progression, and potential metastasis of the disease. What is unclear still in the potential for modifications of host responses to human papillomaviruses (HPV)a known causative agent of CC, that could be induced by cigarette smoking. In particular, it remains to be determined how the inflammation induced by HPV infection could impact on CC incidence/severity. In this prospective study, serum levels of 10 cytokines were evaluated using Multiplex and ELISA assays. The samples were the sera of 43 CC patients and 60 healthy (NILM) controls. All outcomes were evaluated in relation to host HPV and to their smoking status. The results in indicated that serum sTREM-1, TNFa, IFNb, IL-1b, and IL-6 levels were significantly increased in CC (HPVþ) patients compared to healthy NILM controls. A similar trend was observed for IL-10 and IL-2 levels. Within the two groups, differences in cytokine levels between smokers and never smokers were not remarkable. The findings here support the hypothesized role of systemic inflammation in the pathophysiology of CC.

Overexpression of LINC00673 Promotes the Proliferation of Cervical Cancer Cells

“…The presence of inflammatory factors maintains and promotes tumor progression (18). The level of serum IFNb, IL-1b, and IL-6 was significantly higher in HPV-positive patients compared to healthy controls (19). Higher level of IL-10 and TNFa was also observed in HPV-positive women with different types of cervical lesions (20).…”

Prognostic Values of Combined Detection of Serum of CRP Kinetics and Initial apoA-I in Advanced NSCLC

“…Production of CRP in the liver is strongly induced by pro-in ammatory cytokines such as IL-6 19,41 . Hence, CRP could have a crucial role in the presence of systemic in ammatory response in NSCLC could be associated with poor prognosis.…”

“…Chronic in ammation has been recognized as a key factor that contributes to the development and progression of a variety of malignancies 17 . Elevated levels of pro-in ammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and mainly interleukin 6 (IL-6) induces production of CRP in the liver 18,19 . As we all known, apoA-I has been supposed to be related with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 20 .…”

Correlation between hematological parameters and outcome in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated by concomitant chemoradiotherapy

“…24,25 Moreover, several epidemiological studies clearly established that smoking increases the risk of developing CC, by helping human papillomavirus survival and leading to the development of invasive lesions several years after initial infection. [26][27][28] Tumor size is a well-known negative prognostic factor in CC. 29,30 Here, it was found to be related to RFS even more than the FIGO 2009 classification.…”

“…Smoking was found to be negatively related to OS, supporting findings of previous studies that demonstrated cigarette smoking decreases survival in LACC patients treated by RT or CCRT. 24,25 Moreover, several epidemiological studies clearly established that smoking increases the risk of developing CC, by helping human papillomavirus survival and leading to the development of invasive lesions several years after initial infection 26‐28 . Tumor size is a well‐known negative prognostic factor in CC 29,30 .…”