Circulating n-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid as indicators of dietary fatty acid intake in post-myocardial infarction patients

Pertiwi, Kamalita; Kok, Dieuwertje E.; Wanders, Anne J.; Goede, Janette de; Zock, P.L.; Geleijnse, Johanna M.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2018.12.010

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…It is possible that alcohol intake plays a role here. Previously, in a cohort of Dutch postmyocardial infarction patients, weak correlations of dietary with circulating LA and lower circulating LA with higher alcohol intakes at similar intakes of LA [45] were reported, which were also observed in the present study. High alcohol intake is an established cause of liver fat accumulation [46] and higher alcohol intake has been associated with lower circulating LA in several crosssectional studies [47][48][49].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Associations of linoleic acid with markers of glucose metabolism and liver function in South African adults

et al. 2020

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Background: The relation between dietary and circulating linoleic acid (18:2 n-6, LA), glucose metabolism and liver function is not yet clear. Associations of dietary and circulating LA with glucose metabolism and liver function markers were investigated. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses in 633 black South Africans (aged > 30 years, 62% female, 51% urban) without type 2 diabetes at baseline of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. A cultural-sensitive 145-item foodfrequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary data, including LA (percentage of energy; en%). Blood samples were collected to measure circulating LA (% total fatty acids (FA); plasma phospholipids), plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Associations per 1 standard deviation (SD) and in tertiles were analyzed using multivariable regression. Results: Mean (±SD) dietary and circulating LA was 6.8 (±3.1) en% and 16.0 (±3.5) % total FA, respectively. Dietary and circulating LA were not associated with plasma glucose or HbA1c (β per 1 SD: − 0.005 to 0.010, P > 0.20). Higher dietary LA was generally associated with lower serum liver enzymes levels. One SD higher circulating LA was associated with 22% lower serum GGT (β (95% confidence interval): − 0.25 (− 0.31, − 0.18), P < 0.001), but only ≤9% lower for ALT and AST. Circulating LA and serum GGT associations differed by alcohol use and locality. Conclusion: Dietary and circulating LA were inversely associated with markers of impaired liver function, but not with glucose metabolism. Alcohol use may play a role in the association between LA and liver function. Trial registration: PURE NorthWest Province South Africa study described in this manuscript is part of the PURE study. The PURE study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03225586; URL).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Associations of linoleic acid with markers of glucose metabolism and liver function in South African adults

et al. 2020

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“…The high overall intake of marine n-3 PUFAs in our study could make it difficult to show a difference between the individuals with regard to cIMT. Age and hypertension are considered strong predictors of cIMT progression [45] while HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with cIMT progression in a large meta-analysis of over 21,000 individuals [46]. We only found a weak association between plasma n-3 PUFA levels and HDL cholesterol and furthermore plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were not associated with blood pressure, which might explain the lack of associations with cIMT in our study.…”

Section: Marine N-3 Pufas and CV Risk Factorscontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…However, LA once again became a matter of discussion when Ramsden et al published results from their secondary analysis of the Sydney Diet Heart Study and Minnesota Coronary Experiment in 2013 and 2016, respectively (46,47). In these studies, diets rich in LA were directly associated with an increase in overall and CV mortality.…”

Section: Linoleic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular risk factors: data from the ACE 1950 study

et al. 2019

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Industrial trans fatty acids 9.3.2 Ruminant trans fatty acids 10. Conclusion and implications 11. Future perspectives 12. References High plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were associated with lower serum triglycerides (Standardized regression coefficient [Std. β-coeff.]-0.14, p<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (Std. β-coeff.-0.03, p=0.04) and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Std. β-coeff. 0.08, p<0.001). Furthermore, we found weak but statistically significant inverse associations between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and glycated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI) and serum creatinine. High plasma levels of LA were associated with lower fasting plasma glucose (Std. β-coeff.-0.10, p<0.001) and serum triglycerides (Std. β-coeff.-0.10, p<0.001). In addition, weak inverse associations were found between plasma LA levels and BMI, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Plasma iTFA levels were inversely associated with serum triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose levels, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and CRP levels. Participants with high compared to low plasma iTFA levels were more educated, had a lower prevalence of smoking and consumed alcohol less often. Conclusion: High plasma levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and LA were favorably associated with CV risk factors. Our findings signal that a high intake of marine n-3 PUFAs and LA might benefit CV health. Plasma iTFA levels were low and inversely associated with CV risk factors, findings which were likely confounded by lifestyle related variables. Overall, our findings related to iTFAs suggest that the current low iTFA intake in Norway does no longer pose a threat to CV health.

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“…We analyzed circulating OCFA both in PL and CE, which are two commonly used plasma fractions in epidemiological studies. Stability of FA composition over 6–9 years of storage in − 80 °C was confirmed and inter- and intra-assay variation for measurement of various fatty acids was < 8% in CE and < 5% in PL [23]. We examined circulating OCFA in relation to dairy intake in subgroups with high and low fiber intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circulating OCFA 15:0 and 17:0 were measured in plasma PL and CE. Laboratory procedures for measuring fatty acid composition in plasma PL and CE in the Alpha Omega Cohort have been described in detail previously [23]. In short, plasma total lipids from 10 mL EDTA blood samples were extracted and separated into plasma PL and CE fraction of fatty acids by using solid phase extraction method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of dairy and fiber intake with circulating odd-chain fatty acids in post-myocardial infarction patients

et al. 2019

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Background: Circulating odd-chain fatty acids pentadecanoic (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) are considered to reflect dairy intake. In cohort studies, higher circulating 15:0 and 17:0 were associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. A recent randomized controlled trial in humans suggested that fiber intake also increased circulating 15:0 and 17:0, potentially resulting from fermentation by gut microbes. We examined the associations of dairy and fiber intake with circulating 15:0 and 17:0 in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: We performed cross-sectional analyses in a subsample of 869 Dutch post-MI patients of the Alpha Omega Cohort who had data on dietary intake and circulating fatty acids. Dietary intakes (g/d) were assessed using a 203-item food frequency questionnaire. Circulating 15:0 and 17:0 (as % of total fatty acids) were measured in plasma phospholipids (PL) and cholesteryl esters (CE). Spearman correlations (r s) were computed between intakes of total dairy, dairy fat, fiber, and circulating 15:0 and 17:0. Results: Patients were on average 69 years old, 78% was male and 21% had diabetes. Total dairy intake comprised predominantly milk and yogurt (69%). Dairy fat was mainly derived from cheese (47%) and milk (15%), and fiber was mainly from grains (43%). Circulating 15:0 in PL was significantly correlated with total dairy and dairy fat intake (both r s = 0.19, p < 0.001), but not with dietary fiber intake (r s = 0.05, p = 0.11). Circulating 17:0 in PL was correlated both with dairy intake (r s = 0.14 for total dairy and 0.11 for dairy fat, p < 0.001), and fiber intake (r s = 0.19, p < 0.001). Results in CE were roughly similar, except for a weaker correlation of CE 17:0 with fiber (r s = 0.11, p = 0.001). Circulating 15:0 was highest in those with high dairy intake irrespective of fiber intake, while circulating 17:0 was highest in those with high dairy and fiber intake. Conclusions: In our cohort of post-MI patients, circulating 15:0 was associated with dairy intake but not fiber intake, whereas circulating 17:0 was associated with both dairy and fiber intake. These data suggest that cardiometabolic health benefits previously attributed to 17:0 as a biomarker of dairy intake may partly be explained by fiber intake.

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Circulating n-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid as indicators of dietary fatty acid intake in post-myocardial infarction patients

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Associations of linoleic acid with markers of glucose metabolism and liver function in South African adults

Associations of linoleic acid with markers of glucose metabolism and liver function in South African adults

Plasma marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular risk factors: data from the ACE 1950 study

Associations of dairy and fiber intake with circulating odd-chain fatty acids in post-myocardial infarction patients

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