Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Biomarkers for Dietary Intake across Subgroups: The CODAM and Hoorn Studies

Wanders, Anne J.; Alssema, Marjan; Hoon, Sabine E. M. De; Feskens, Edith J. M.; Woudenbergh, Geertruida J. van; Kallen, Carla; Zock, P.L.; Refsum, Helga; Drevon, Christian A.; Elshorbagy, Amany K.; Schalkwijk, Casper G.; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.; Dekker, Joost; Greevenbroek, Marleen M.J. van

doi:10.1159/000486244

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Furthermore, we found positive correlations between dietary sources of the marine n-3 PUFAs, EPA and DHA, and their respective plasma proportions, suggesting a normal FAs absorption in CVID. The lack of correlation between dietary and plasma proportion of ALA is, however, in line with considerable discrepancies in previous published studies [24,25,32,33]. The fact that dietary LA and plasma LA did not correlate in CVID, may be related to gut microbial modulation as discussed below.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Some plasma FAs are commonly used as objective indicators of dietary FA intake, e.g. ALA and LA, which are not biosynthesized at all, and EPA and DHA, which are synthesized endogenously in very limited amounts (Figure 1) [24,25]. In the CVID patients (n=37), dietary intake of the marine FA EPA was positively correlated with plasma EPA (rho=0.41, P<0.05) and DHA (rho=0.45, P<0.01), respectively, and dietary DHA was also correlated with plasma DHA (rho=0.47, P<0.01).…”

Section: Associations Between Dietary and Plasma N-3 And N-6 Pufas In Cvid Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered Plasma Fatty Acids Associate with Gut Microbial Composition in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Kong¹

2021

Preprint

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Purpose: Fatty acid (FA) abnormalities have been found in various inflammatory disorders and have been related to disturbed gut microbiota. Patients with Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have inflammatory complications associated with altered gut microbial composition. We hypothesized that there is an altered FA profile in CVID patients, related to gut microbial dysbiosis. Methods: Plasma FAs were measured in 39 CVID patients and 30 healthy controls. Gut microbial profile, a food frequency questionnaire and the effect of the oral antibiotic rifaximin, were investigated in CVID patients. Results: The n-3 PUFAs, EPA (1.4 [1.0-1.8] vs 1.9 [1.2-2.5], median [IQR], P<0.05) and DHA (3.2 [2.4-3.9] vs 3.5 [2.9- 4.3], P<0.05) were reduced in CVID compared to controls. Also, n-6 PUFAs (34.3 ± 3.4, vs 37.1 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, P< 0.001) and linoleic acid (LA) (24.5 ± 3.3, vs 28.1 ± 2.7, P< 0.0001), and the FA anti-inflammatory index (98.9, [82.1-119.4], vs 117.0, [88.7-153.1], median [IQR]), P<0.05) were reduced in CVID. The microbial alpha diversity was positively associated with plasma n-6 PUFAs, (r=0.41, P<0.001) and LA (r=0.51, P<0.001), but not n-3 PUFAs (P= 0.78). Moreover, a 2-week course of rifaximin significantly reduced the proportion of n-6 PUFAs (P=0.04, UNIANOVA). Overall, the altered proportions of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs did not seem to be related to dietary intake, intestinal malabsorption or presence of CVID enteropathy.Conclusion: We found a potentially unfavourable FA profile in CVID, where plasma proportion of n-6 PUFAs was related to gut microbial diversity and altered by microbial therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Associations Between Dietary and Plasma N-3 And N-6 Pufas In Cvid Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Plasma Fatty Acids Associate with Gut Microbial Composition in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Kong¹

2021

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, in line with most other reports, we decided to express FAs as a percentage of total FAs rather than as absolute values. Using percentages of FAs also gives the advantage of relatively strong agreement between dietary intake and serum levels for LA, EPA, and DHA [ 10 ]. ALA serum levels, however, correlate weakly with dietary intake [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum FA levels, which depend both on dietary intake and synthesis/degradation within the body, provide a more objective measure of FA levels than estimates based on dietary intake; some circulating FAs correlate well with dietary intake (e.g., linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), whereas others show weaker correlations with dietary measures (e.g., α-linolenic acid (ALA)) [ 10 ]. Relative serum levels of individual FAs also give information on the conversion rates between different FAs, and allow estimation of the activity of key enzymes such as the FA desaturases, which seem to play a role in the development of T2D [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes

et al. 2018

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Women with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2D). We aimed to establish links between glucose tolerance (GT) and serum fatty acid (FA) profile in the transition from GDM to T2D. Six years after GDM, 221 women were grouped as having normal GT (NGT), impaired GT (IGT), or T2D based on oral GT test results. Fasting serum FAs were profiled, anthropometric measures taken, and dietary intake determined. Linoleic acid (LA) was significantly higher in NGT women (p < 0.001) compared with IGT and T2D, and emerged as a strong predictor of low glucose and insulin levels, independently of BMI. Self-reported vegetable oil consumption correlated with LA serum levels and glucose levels. Delta-6-, delta-9-, and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activities were associated with decreased GT, and delta-5-desaturase activities with increased GT. In a subgroup of women at high risk of diabetes, low LA and high palmitic acid levels were seen in those that developed T2D, with no differences in other FAs or metabolic measurements. Results suggest that proportions of LA and palmitic acid are of particular interest in the transition from GDM to T2D. Interconversions between individual FAs regulated by desaturases appear to be relevant to glucose metabolism.

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“…There is continuing interest in the use of circulating fatty acids (FA) as biomarkers of dietary FA intake in epidemiological studies [1,2], often in relation to cardiometabolic outcomes [3,4]. Dietary FA that are frequently studied include n-3 FA, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating n-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid as indicators of dietary fatty acid intake in post-myocardial infarction patients

Pertiwi

Kok

Wanders

et al. 2019

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Background and Aims: Population-based studies often use plasma fatty acids (FAs) as objective indicators of FA intake, especially for n-3 FA and linoleic acid (LA). The relation between dietary and circulating FA in cardiometabolic patients is largely unknown. We examined whether dietary n-3 FA and LA were reflected in plasma lipid pools in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Methods and Results: Patients in Alpha Omega Cohort filled out a 203-item food-frequency questionnaire from which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alphalinolenic acid (ALA), and LA intake were calculated. Circulating individual FA (% total FA) were assessed in cholesteryl esters (CE; n=4,066), phospholipids (PL; n=838), and additionally in total plasma for DHA and LA (n=739). Spearman correlation coefficients (r s) were calculated for dietary vs. circulating FA. Circulating FA were also compared across dietary FA quintiles, overall and in subgroups by sex, obesity, diabetes, statin use, and high alcohol intake. Patients were on average 69 years old and 79% was male. Moderate correlations between dietary and circulating levels were observed for EPA (r s~0 .4 in CE and PL) and DHA (r s ~0.5 in CE and PL, ~0.4 in total plasma), but not for ALA (r s ~0.0). Weak correlations were observed for LA (r s 0.1 to 0.2). Plasma LA was significantly lower in statin users and in patients with a high alcohol intake. Conclusions: In post-MI patients, dietary EPA and DHA were well reflected in circulating levels. This was not the case for LA, which may partly be influenced by alcohol use and statins.

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Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Biomarkers for Dietary Intake across Subgroups: The CODAM and Hoorn Studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Altered Plasma Fatty Acids Associate with Gut Microbial Composition in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Altered Plasma Fatty Acids Associate with Gut Microbial Composition in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes

Circulating n-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid as indicators of dietary fatty acid intake in post-myocardial infarction patients

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