2016
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42023-3_5
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Circulating Tumor Cells: When a Solid Tumor Meets a Fluid Microenvironment

Abstract: Solid tumor dissemination from the primary site to the sites of metastasis involves tumor cell transport through the blood or lymph circulation systems. Once the tumor cells enter the bloodstream, they encounter a new hostile microenvironment. The cells must withstand hemodynamic forces and overcome the effects of fluid shear. The cells are exposed to immunological signaling insults from leukocytes, to collisions with erythrocytes, and to interactions with platelets or macrophages. Finally, the cells need to a… Show more

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Cited by 87 publications
(82 citation statements)
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“…At present, various technologies are developed for CTCs isolation, however, they are mainly used for research purposes rather than clinical applications (Bankó et al, 2019). Among the obstacles are the presence of ITH (Levitin et al, 2018;Lim et al, 2019), limited knowledge on CTCs mechanism of action in cancer progression (shedding from the primary/metastasis tumor, survival in bloodstream, avoidance of apoptosis, colonization potentials and settlement in distant organs), the rarity of CTCs (0 to 10 CTCs/ml whole blood in 30% to 50% mCRC patients) (Zieglschmid et al, 2005), various sizes of CTCs and the lack of clinical validation (Millner et al, 2013;Rejniak, 2016;Kowalik et al, 2017;Bankó et al, 2019). In addition, there are only a few studies relating to CTCs pharmacogenomics and underlying survival mechanisms (Wang et al, 2018) as well as the cell-cell interactions in CRC microenvironment (Krog and Henry, 2018), and majority of them are based on experimental and theoretical extrapolations (Burz et al, 2018).…”
Section: Challenges and Future Directionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At present, various technologies are developed for CTCs isolation, however, they are mainly used for research purposes rather than clinical applications (Bankó et al, 2019). Among the obstacles are the presence of ITH (Levitin et al, 2018;Lim et al, 2019), limited knowledge on CTCs mechanism of action in cancer progression (shedding from the primary/metastasis tumor, survival in bloodstream, avoidance of apoptosis, colonization potentials and settlement in distant organs), the rarity of CTCs (0 to 10 CTCs/ml whole blood in 30% to 50% mCRC patients) (Zieglschmid et al, 2005), various sizes of CTCs and the lack of clinical validation (Millner et al, 2013;Rejniak, 2016;Kowalik et al, 2017;Bankó et al, 2019). In addition, there are only a few studies relating to CTCs pharmacogenomics and underlying survival mechanisms (Wang et al, 2018) as well as the cell-cell interactions in CRC microenvironment (Krog and Henry, 2018), and majority of them are based on experimental and theoretical extrapolations (Burz et al, 2018).…”
Section: Challenges and Future Directionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A possible explanation for this is that cells injected into the bloodstream of a mouse go through many changes that do not occur when testing in vitro. For cells to survive in the circulatory system, they must withstand strong flow velocities and shear stress that can damage the cell membrane . Due to these phenomena, it is plausible to expect differences in in vivo and in vitro results.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…GSEA proved that the seven-lncRNA signature was more likely associated with ECM–receptor interaction, TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion. ECM–receptor interaction plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of tumor 27. TGF-beta signaling pathway is critical for proliferation, differentiation, development and apoptosis of tumor 28.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%