Circulating tumor DNA detection and its application status in gastric cancer: a narrative review

Chen, Wenyu; Hua, Yan; Ge, Kele; Wu, Jun

doi:10.21037/tcr-20-2856

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Still to this day, only three molecularly targeted drugs (trastuzumab, ramucirumab, and pembrolizumab) have been approved and marketed for GC treatment worldwide. Besides, a large number of molecules have been reported to be related to clinical outcomes of GC, including cancer-associated genes and non-coding RNAs (13)(14)(15). However, there are still no reliable prognosis biomarkers due to the heterogeneity of GC (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of hub genes in gastric cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis

Sun¹,

Zhang²,

Ai³

et al. 2021

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. With the high rates of metastasis and recurrence, its overall survival remains poor at the present time. Hence, seeking new potential therapeutic targets of GC is important and urgent.Methods: We retrieved the gene expression profiles and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. After screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we carried out the survival analysis for overall survival to pick out robust DEGs. To explore the role of these robust DEGs, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses.Subsequently, protein interactions network was constructed utilizing the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. We then presented the module analysis and filtered out hub genes by the Cytoscape software. Finally, Kaplan-Meier analysis was utilized to demonstrate the prognostic role of these hub genes.Results: According to the gene expression profiles of TCGA and the survival analysis, 238 robust DEGs were filtered out, consisting of 140 up-regulated and 98 down-regulated genes. The up-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in systemic lupus erythematosus, cytokine activity, and alcoholism, while downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in steroid hormone receptor activity, immune response, and metabolism. Through the construction of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, eight hub genes were finally screened out, including CCR8, HIST1H3B, HIST1H2AH, HIST1H2AJ, NPY, HIST2H2BF, GNG7, and CCL25.Conclusions: Our study picked out eight hub genes, which might be potential prognostic biomarkers for GC and even be treatment targets for clinical implication in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of hub genes in gastric cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis

Sun¹,

Zhang²,

Ai³

et al. 2021

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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“…GC detection: For the detection of GC, quantitative analysis of ctDNA (total copy number analysis in blood or serum) or qualitative detection, involving the identification of tumor-specific genetic changes, can be utilized (Table 2 )[ 161 ]. Similar to CTCs, the cfDNA/ctDNA load is found to be higher in GC patients compared to healthy controls or those with preneoplastic lesions, escalating with tumor stage[ 162 ].…”

Section: Lb In Gcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer: Techniques, applications, and future directions

Díaz del Arco,

Fernández Aceñero,

Ortega Medina

2024

World J Gastroenterol

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After the study of circulating tumor cells in blood through liquid biopsy (LB), this technique has evolved to encompass the analysis of multiple materials originating from the tumor, such as nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, tumor-educated platelets, and other metabolites. Additionally, research has extended to include the examination of samples other than blood or plasma, such as saliva, gastric juice, urine, or stool. LB techniques are diverse, intricate, and variable. They must be highly sensitive, and pre-analytical, patient, and tumor-related factors significantly influence the detection threshold, diagnostic method selection, and potential results. Consequently, the implementation of LB in clinical practice still faces several challenges. The potential applications of LB range from early cancer detection to guiding targeted therapy or immunotherapy in both early and advanced cancer cases, monitoring treatment response, early identification of relapses, or assessing patient risk. On the other hand, gastric cancer (GC) is a disease often diagnosed at advanced stages. Despite recent advances in molecular understanding, the currently available treatment options have not substantially improved the prognosis for many of these patients. The application of LB in GC could be highly valuable as a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and for enhancing the management and outcomes of these patients. In this comprehensive review, from a pathologist’s perspective, we provide an overview of the main options available in LB, delve into the fundamental principles of the most studied techniques, explore the potential utility of LB application in the context of GC, and address the obstacles that need to be overcome in the future to make this innovative technique a game-changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment within clinical practice.

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“…ctDNA is a subset of cfDNA derived from tumor cells [ 81 , 82 ]. ctDNA is a small gene fragment derived from primary tumors, metastatic tumors, or even CTCs released into the bloodstream [ 83 ]. Most cfDNA fragments are 160–200 base pairs long, whereas ctDNA fragments are much shorter; both are double-stranded fragments [ 84 , 85 ] with a short half-life (approximately 2 h) [ 86 – 88 ].…”

Section: Clinical Application Of Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers In Gcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical application and detection techniques of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer

Zhou

et al. 2023

Mol Cancer

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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and the leading cause of tumor-related mortality. Endoscopy and serological tumor marker testing are currently the main methods of GC screening, and treatment relies on surgical resection or chemotherapy. However, traditional examination and treatment methods are more harmful to patients and less sensitive and accurate. A minimally invasive method to respond to GC early screening, prognosis monitoring, treatment efficacy, and drug resistance situations is urgently needed. As a result, liquid biopsy techniques have received much attention in the clinical application of GC. The non-invasive liquid biopsy technique requires fewer samples, is reproducible, and can guide individualized patient treatment by monitoring patients' molecular-level changes in real-time. In this review, we introduced the clinical applications of circulating tumor cells, circulating free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, non-coding RNAs, exosomes, and proteins, which are the primary markers in liquid biopsy technology in GC. We also discuss the current limitations and future trends of liquid biopsy technology as applied to early clinical biopsy technology.

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Circulating tumor DNA detection and its application status in gastric cancer: a narrative review

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Identification of hub genes in gastric cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis

Identification of hub genes in gastric cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis

Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer: Techniques, applications, and future directions

Clinical application and detection techniques of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer

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