Circulation of dengue serotypes in the Union Territory of Dadra &amp; Nagar Haveli (India)

Zala, D. B.; Khan, Vikram; Kakadiya, M.; Sanghai, Ankush A; Das, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00069

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A total of 106 studies and 347 estimates were included in our qualitative synthesis [ 4 – 9 , 19 , 25 , 39 – 135 ] ( Fig 1 ). Most estimates used data collected in tropical regions of Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa ( Fig 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing dengue transmission in rural areas: A systematic review

et al. 2023

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Dengue has historically been considered an urban disease associated with dense human populations and the built environment. Recently, studies suggest increasing dengue virus (DENV) transmission in rural populations. It is unclear whether these reports reflect recent spread into rural areas or ongoing transmission that was previously unnoticed, and what mechanisms are driving this rural transmission. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize research on dengue in rural areas and apply this knowledge to summarize aspects of rurality used in current epidemiological studies of DENV transmission given changing and mixed environments. We described how authors defined rurality and how they defined mechanisms for rural dengue transmission. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for articles evaluating dengue prevalence or cumulative incidence in rural areas. A total of 106 articles published between 1958 and 2021 met our inclusion criteria. Overall, 56% (n = 22) of the 48 estimates that compared urban and rural settings reported rural dengue incidence as being as high or higher than in urban locations. In some rural areas, the force of infection appears to be increasing over time, as measured by increasing seroprevalence in children and thus likely decreasing age of first infection, suggesting that rural dengue transmission may be a relatively recent phenomenon. Authors characterized rural locations by many different factors, including population density and size, environmental and land use characteristics, and by comparing their context to urban areas. Hypothesized mechanisms for rural dengue transmission included travel, population size, urban infrastructure, vector and environmental factors, among other mechanisms. Strengthening our understanding of the relationship between rurality and dengue will require a more nuanced definition of rurality from the perspective of DENV transmission. Future studies should focus on characterizing details of study locations based on their environmental features, exposure histories, and movement dynamics to identify characteristics that may influence dengue transmission.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing dengue transmission in rural areas: A systematic review

et al. 2023

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“…Dengue is endemic in almost all states in India [5,6]. All four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV-1-DENV-4) of the virus that display significant immunological cross-reactivity due to 65-70% homology have been reported from various parts of the country [7][8][9]. Combined with a complex transmission cycle and high dengue seroprevalence [5], dengue evolution in the country has been shaped in complex and unexpected ways though this remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of being a hotspot of dengue infections, the scarcity of dengue genomic data from India has limited our understanding of dengue virus evolution. Previous dengue studies in India have focused on regional outbreaks [7][8][9][31][32][33], which are dominated by single or closely related strains due to the limitations of a short collection period. The persistence of all serotypes in a high seroprevalence background has been shown to manifest in immunitydriven co-evolution of dengue virus strains at the city-scale [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India

Jagtap

Pattabiraman²,

Sankaradoss

et al. 2023

PLoS Pathog

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More than a hundred thousand dengue cases are diagnosed in India annually, and about half of the country’s population carries dengue virus-specific antibodies. Dengue propagates and adapts to the selection pressures imposed by a multitude of factors that can lead to the emergence of new variants. Yet, there has been no systematic analysis of the evolution of the dengue virus in the country. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of all DENV gene sequences collected between 1956 and 2018 from India. We examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of India-specific genotypes, their evolutionary relationship with global and local dengue virus strains, interserotype dynamics and their divergence from the vaccine strains. Our analysis highlights the co-circulation of all DENV serotypes in India with cyclical outbreaks every 3–4 years. Since 2000, genotype III of DENV-1, cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2, genotype III of DENV-3 and genotype I of DENV-4 have been dominating across the country. Substitution rates are comparable across the serotypes, suggesting a lack of serotype-specific evolutionary divergence. Yet, the envelope (E) protein displays strong signatures of evolution under immune selection. Apart from drifting away from its ancestors and other contemporary serotypes in general, we find evidence for recurring interserotype drift towards each other, suggesting selection via cross-reactive antibody-dependent enhancement. We identify the emergence of the highly divergent DENV-4-Id lineage in South India, which has acquired half of all E gene mutations in the antigenic sites. Moreover, the DENV-4-Id is drifting towards DENV-1 and DENV-3 clades, suggesting the role of cross-reactive antibodies in its evolution. Due to the regional restriction of the Indian genotypes and immunity-driven virus evolution in the country, ~50% of all E gene differences with the current vaccines are focused on the antigenic sites. Our study shows how the dengue virus evolution in India is being shaped in complex ways.

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“…Dengue is endemic in almost all states in India [5,6]. All four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV1-DENV4) of the virus that display significant immunological cross-reactivity due to 65-70% homology have been reported from various parts of the country [7][8][9]. Combined with a complex transmission cycle and high dengue seroprevalence [5], dengue evolution in the country has been shaped in complex and unexpected ways though this remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of being a hotspot of dengue infections, the scarcity of dengue genomic data from India has limited our understanding of dengue virus evolution. Previous dengue studies in India have focused on regional outbreaks [7][8][9][26][27][28], which are dominated by single or closely related strains due to the limitations of a short collection period. The persistence of all serotypes in a high seroprevalence background has been shown to manifest in immunity-driven co-evolution of dengue virus strains at the city-scale [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India

Jagtap

Pattabiraman²,

Sankaradoss

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

More than a hundred thousand dengue cases are diagnosed in India annually, and about half of the country's population carries dengue virus-specific antibodies. Dengue propagates and adapts to the selection pressures imposed by a multitude of factors that can lead to the emergence of new variants. Yet, there has been no systematic analysis of the evolution of the dengue virus in the country. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of all DENV gene sequences collected between 1956 and 2018 from India. We examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of India-specific genotypes, their evolutionary relationship with global and local dengue virus strains, interserotype dynamics and their divergence from the vaccine strains. Our analysis highlights the co-circulation of all DENV serotypes in India with cyclical outbreaks every 3-4 years. Since 2000, genotype III of DENV1, cosmopolitan genotype of DENV2, genotype III of DENV3 and genotype I of DENV4 have been dominating across the country. Substitution rates are comparable across the serotypes, suggesting a lack of serotype-specific evolutionary divergence. Yet, the envelope (E) protein displays strong signatures of evolution under immune selection. Apart from drifting away from its ancestors and other contemporary serotypes in general, we find evidence for recurring interserotype drift towards each other, suggesting selection via cross-reactive antibody-dependent enhancement. We identify the emergence of the highly divergent DENV4-Id lineage in South India, which has acquired half of all E gene mutations in the antigenic sites. Moreover, the DENV4-Id is drifting towards DENV1 and DENV3 clades, suggesting the role of cross-reactive antibodies in its evolution. Due to the regional restriction of the Indian genotypes and immunity-driven virus evolution in the country, ~50% of all E gene differences with the current vaccines are focused on the antigenic sites. Our study shows how high incidence and pre-existing population immunity are shaping dengue virus evolution in India.

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Circulation of dengue serotypes in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (India)

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Characterizing dengue transmission in rural areas: A systematic review

Characterizing dengue transmission in rural areas: A systematic review

Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India

Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India

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