Circulatory and Metabolic Correlates of Brain Function in Normal Humans

Raichle, Marcus E.

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010516

Cited by 210 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…Positron emission tomography (PET) is a sensitive and quantitative indirect measure of brain function that relies upon changes in relative blood flow or uptake of glucose in brain regions that are undergoing increased (or decreased) neural activity. 346 A typical PET study is initiated by injecting into the subject's blood stream water or some other substance (e.g., butanol) tagged with an unstable neutron-deficient radioactive tracer such as 15 O, 77 Kr, or 11 C. 347 The amount of accumulation of the tracer is increased in brain regions with higher blood flow Furthermore, even under the most optimal of circumstances, images with no greater than ~ 3 mm 3 of spatial resolution can be obtained. Most commonly, the resolution is, in fact, four to five times this size.…”

Section: Functional Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Upper Respiratory Tract and Ocular Irritative Effects of Volatile Chemicals in Humans

Doty

Cometto‐Muñiz

Jalowayski

et al. 2004

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

133

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Section: Functional Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Upper Respiratory Tract and Ocular Irritative Effects of Volatile Chemicals in Humans

Doty

Cometto‐Muñiz

Jalowayski

et al. 2004

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

133

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“…The fMRI signals are indirect measures of neuronal activity and subjected to intermediate physiological responses, including the cerebral metabolism rate of glucose/ oxygen, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral blood volume (CBV) (Buxton et al, 1998;Raichle, 1987). Investigating the correlations of brain metabolism, CBF, and CBV among brain regions can provide insight into the underlying mechanism of the whole brain network organizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Brain Covariant Networks as Revealed by FDG-PET with Reference to Resting-State fMRI Networks

2012

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The human brain is inherently organized as separate networks, as has been widely revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although the large-scale functional connectivity can be partially explained by the underlying white-matter structural connectivity, the question of whether the underlying functional connectivity is related to brain metabolic factors is still largely unanswered. The present study investigated the presence of metabolic covariant networks across subjects using a set of fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F, FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) images. Spatial-independent component analysis was performed on the subject series of FDG-PET images. A number of networks that were mainly homotopic regions could be identified, including visual, auditory, motor, cerebellar, and subcortical networks. However, the anterior-posterior networks such as the default-mode and left frontoparietal networks could not be observed. Region-of-interest-based correlation analysis confirmed that the intersubject metabolic covariances within the default-mode and left frontoparietal networks were reduced as compared with corresponding time-series correlations using resting-state fMRI from an independent sample. In contrast, homotopic intersubject metabolic covariances observed using PET were comparable to the corresponding fMRI resting-state time-series correlations. The current study provides preliminary illustration, suggesting that the human brain metabolism pertains to organized covariance patterns that might partially reflect functional connectivity as revealed by resting-state blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD). The discrepancy between the PET covariance and BOLD functional connectivity might reflect the differences of energy consumption coupling and ongoing neural synchronization within these brain networks.

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“…Regional cerebral blood flow measurement is, under most circumstances, a valid index of neuronal activity in livo and. in addition, is sensitive to physiological/ belravioural challenges (McCulloch, 1982, Raichle, 1987, Posner et ul. 1988.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the dopamine agonist, apomorphine, on regional cerebral blood flow in normal volunteers

et al. 1993

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The effect of the dopamine agonist, apomorphine, on regional cerebral blood flow in normal volunteers P. M GRASBY.T K r. FRrsroi"iJ,Liilff*.;i".PYr"tfiR FRrrH. P F LTDDLE.Fronr the MR(; Cyclotron Unit, Hatnmersmith Ho.spital; Acadentic Depurtntent of Ps1't'hiatry, Royal Frce Ho.spital and School of ltfedit'ine;National Hospitol ./br Neurolog.t'ond Neurosurger.t': Departntt,nt of' Psychologl,. UttiversitJ,College, Lorulon;and ll'{RC Clirtit'al Pharntucoktgt, Litrit, Littlentore Hospitul. Ox/ortl syNOpsrs Apomorphine, a non-selective dopamine agonist, has been used as a phannacological probe for investigating central dopaminergic neurotransmission in psychiatric illness. In this study repeated measurements of regior.ral cerebral blood Ilow (rCBF) were made in normal volunteers before. and after, the administration of apomorphine (5 or l0 7rg/kg), or placebo. The diff'erence in rCBF. before and after drug (apomorphine lcrsu.r placebo), was used to identify brain areas affected by apomorphine. Compared to placebo, both doses of apornorphine increased blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex. Apomorphine l0 ag/kg also increased prefrontal rCBF (right > lel1). No decreases in rCBF were noted tollowing either dose of apomorphine. Apomorphine-induced increases of anterior cingulate blood flow might serve as an il lrvo inder of central dopamine function. Such an approach would complement established nenroendocrine challenge paradigms for investigating central dopamine neurotransmission in psychiatric illness. INTRODUCTIONApornorphine is a non-selective dopaurrne agonist with central and peripheral actiorrs (Anden et al. 1967', Corsini et al. l98l; Creese, 1987). It has been extensively used as a pharmacological probe of dopaminergic systems in both normal volunteers and psychiatric patients (Checkley, 1980; Meltzer et al. 1984). ln neuroendocrine challenge paradigms apomorphineinduced increases in plasma grorvth hormone are used as an index ofcentral dopamine receptor function (Checkley, 1980;Lal, 1987). Recently, an enhanced growth hormone response to apornorphine has been reported to be predictive of women at high risk of affective psychosis af ter childbirth (Wieck er ul. l99l).Despite considerable experimental data on apornorphine's central effects in animals, little rs known about the brain areas targeted, functionally, by apomorphine in humans. The use of positron emission tomography (PET) to measure drug-induced changes in regional cerebrai blood ' Address Ibr corrcspondence: Dr P. M. Grasbv. MRC Cyc)rrtron t,rnit. Hamnrersmith I'lospital, [)u Cane Road. London Wl] 0HS.

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Circulatory and Metabolic Correlates of Brain Function in Normal Humans

Cited by 210 publications

References 211 publications

Assessment of Upper Respiratory Tract and Ocular Irritative Effects of Volatile Chemicals in Humans

Assessment of Upper Respiratory Tract and Ocular Irritative Effects of Volatile Chemicals in Humans

Metabolic Brain Covariant Networks as Revealed by FDG-PET with Reference to Resting-State fMRI Networks

The effect of the dopamine agonist, apomorphine, on regional cerebral blood flow in normal volunteers

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